Geochemistry, Pollution Analysis and Management of Groundwater in Karaj plain, Iran

Geochemistry, Pollution Analysis and Management of Groundwater in Karaj field, Iran Introduction: All living things depend perfectly on a supply of fresh H2O and in term of human necessities ; H2O is considered most of import following merely to air. Water is used for many intents Viz. , domestic, agribusiness, industry and other multi assorted demands. However, many people around the universe are inveterate short of H2O even for personal demands. There are several grounds for dearth of H2O and most of import among them is increasing population. Increasing population and altering universe, demand increased demands of consumptive and non-consumptive H2O. Therefore, it is true that fresh H2O is indispensable for human endurance and is an indispensable demand for sustainable development. Worldwide agribusiness histories for 69 % the lion’s portion of H2O usage and agricultural demand is turning as population continues to increase. Major portion of this demand is met with land H2O resources and therefore land H2O tabular array is gone down alarmingly and status is unstable. In add-on, H2O quality is merely every bit of import as measure. The H2O in many topographic points is contaminated and H2O born diseases continue to be scourages of human sort. Management of H2O resources particularly groundwater is really complex in position of the viing demands for use. The survey demands realistic assessment of current and awaited demands for H2O by assorted H2O utilizations. It is hence of import that latest modern techniques of survey and rating of H2O resources by following the modern methodological analysiss like Arc GIS SPSS, Rockwork, Rockware and etc, packages. Aim and range of the present survey: Measuring the measure and quality of H2O resources is the of import facet in H2O resources planning and direction. Unfortunately much of the world’s population specially in state like Iran lacks a suited and safe H2O supply and many a clip supplies are disrupted. With turning population these types of Problems are traveling more common in close hereafter. Hence interdisciplinary surveies are required with mention to the research job in undertaking the bing jobs expeditiously and get the better of. The present survey purposes to measure land H2O resources and its quality since pantie surface H2O resources available in Karaj field, Iran and analysing its tendency, both in infinite and clip. An effort is made to understand the nature of the job in footings of land H2O related issues and to come out with an appropriate solution on a scientific footing. The attack towards the job will be multidisciplinary as it includes, geological, hydrological, hydrogeochemical and environmental conditions of the country. Karaj Plain is one of the huge upland field of Iran, with an mean one-year rainfall of 260mm and entire one-year infiltration of groundwater is estimated to be 56 million three-dimensional metres. The demand of fresh H2O for assorted multi-user like anthropogenetic demands, agribusiness pattern and industrial demand is about 61.5 billion three-dimensional metres. At present, there is a deficit of 5.5 billion three-dimensional metres in a twelvemonth and this may be farther agrivated due to increase of population and resulted more demand in close hereafter. Decrease in volume of groundwater reservoirs will besides accordingly do the decrease of the quality of groundwater. Apart from this the land H2O of the country is badly polluting from inflow of pollutant waste H2O of industrial workss and human waste wastewaters in Karaj metropolis. Further Increasing development of industry, agricultural pattern and inordinate population growing in the part consequences more of taint of groundwat er in the part. Therefore measuring the measure and quality of groundwater resources and its judicial use is the of import facets in H2O resources planning and direction of the survey country. Reappraisal of literature: The campaigner has looked into the above discussed jobs in the chosen country and noticed that non much work has done. There are merely meager studies in the literature. The quality of groundwater in Karaj Plain since the last 10 old ages has been investigated and tested by Tehran Regional Company and the concentration of cations, anions, coarseness etc. , are studied. Recently, State Geological Organization has analysed, dirt and surface and land H2O resources in and around Tehran metropolis. There is a study on ‘Study of concentration of heavy metal elements in groundwater resources of Garmabdasht in Gorgan, by Sahar Armanpour et Al 2007. There are besides studies on â€Å"Geochemical procedures are responsible for the spatial-temporal fluctuations in groundwater chemical science in the western portion of Iran† ( Fazel Tavassol, Sajjad et Al. 2008 and Fazel Tavassol, Sajjad 2009 ) . Hence an in deepness survey of qualitative and quantitative analysis and direction of l and H2O resources in Karaj field is much needed. Geographic place of the studied part: one of the biggest metropolis of Alborz Province is Karaj metropolis. The survey country, Karaj field is situated in Northwest of Tehran, Iran, lies between latitudes 34 °50? to 35 °30? N and longitudes 47 °12? , to 48 °10? E covering an country of 811 sq kilometer. Its northern side is situated in the northern Highlandss of Karaj, the eastern side is Kan River, the western side is Hashrgerd Plain and the southern side is Mallard and Saleh Abad. The mean tallness of the part is 1500 m above MSL. The most of import metropolis located in this Alborz Province is Karaj, which is metropolis including some big and little metropoliss with populations of more than 1728000 individuals and an country of 162 sq kilometer. There are more than 3000 big and little graduated table chemical, automotive and nutrient industries in the part. Area of farming areas is estimated to be about 17000 hectares. Iran Persia Location of the survey country Aim: The undermentioned aims are formulated for chosen survey country:Designation of different hydrogeomorphical conditions and lineament analysis of the survey country.Appraisal of groundwater quality and hydrogeomorphical mold.Evaluation the H2O resourses by environmental impact appraisal ( EIA )Conservation and direction of groundwater in the survey country.Materials and methods used in theChosencountry of research: The undermentioned methods are to be adopted in the present probes and analysis:Geological map of the survey country will be complied utilizing bing regional geological map, satelite imaginations and GIS packages.Analysis and spatial distribution theamatic maps of rainfall will be constructed utilizing meteoric informations and GIS packagesMorphometric analysis and hydrogeomophic zones of the Karaj field will be done utilizing SOI toposheets, Satelite Imageries and GIS. ( Arc GIS10, Global Mapper 14, PCI.Geomatica.2012.SP1 )35 groundwater samples will be collected in a grid form from the survey country for premansoon and postmansoon seasons by following international criterion techniques. Physico-chemical features of land H2O samples will be carried out utilizing modern and sophisticated analytical instruments like Flame Photometer, Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, UV-Vissible Spectrophotometer and Titrimetry method.Analysis of the quality of groundwater resources will be made in understanding the rock- H2O interaction, distribution of major and minor elements and impact of pollutants in H2O resources utilizing available criterion package and diagrams.Environmental Impact Assessment of the survey country will be carried out ( Arc GIS10, PCI.Geomatica.2012.SP1, SPSS ) . The advantage of this technique is that it takes into history of all the facets of the environment i.e. ecology, physical/chemical facets and human/social involvement etc, .By sing all the above facets and parametric quantities, hydrogeochemical theoretical account will be proposed ( Arc GIS10 ) . This theoretical account will be much helpful for preservation and better direction and use of the groundwater resources.Result of the research probe:Assess the impact of over development of land H2O and pollution impact on aquifer system and land H2O quality.Suggest remedial steps to minimise the land H2O backdown by following progresss irrigation techniques.Management of H2O resources and used as a theoretical account to follow in other similar countries.Mentions:Armanpour, Sahar- Karami, G- Yakhkoshi, E ( 2007 ) , Study of concentration of heavy and chief metal elements in groundwater resources of Garmabdasht in Gorgan, the first environmental and medical geological conference.Fazel Tavassol, Sajjad –Manshuori, M, 2008, survey on grounds and jobs of aquifer overdraft in Asad Abad Plain in Hamedan, the 4th national conference of geology and environment in Eslamshahr ( in Persian ) .Fazel Tavassol, Sajjad ( 2009 ) , maestro ‘s class thesis, Study of Chahardoly Aquifer Gaseous Reasons and its Environmental impacts, Tehran Azad University, Sciences and Research Branch, P81 to 83 ( in Persian ) .Water Resources Studies Unit of Tehran Regional Water Company ( 2005 ) , study on suggestion for extension of the prohibition in the studied part of Tehran-Karaj.

Creation and Aspects of a Product Plan

INTRODUCTION Origin of the Report As we are doing Marketing Management, our course instructor Prof. Dr. Mijanur Rahman has instructed us to prepare a paper on the product plan. Purpose †¢ To get a clear concept how to make the product plan †¢ To acquire knowledge how to make mission, vision, marketing mix etc. Limitations 1. We did not collect the current information related with our product. 2. We had to give lot of times to collect information about competitors, market situation because enough information not available. Research Methodology Secondary: †¢ Internet: www. google. com , www. ekipidia . com, Source: thedailystar. net †¢ Other: Collected information from marketing report, magazines, running newspaper. 1:00 CURRENT MARKET SITUATION Today the chips market is dominated by Potato Crackers, Mr. Twist, Meridian, Cheese Ball, Lay’s, Sun Chips and other chips. We find out that, there is no high quality chip which is suitable for children health. But we found much normal category chips. Our product quality is more high comparative to the other competitors, because our main ingredients is Mushroom which is totally new flavor and taste and also work against for the cancer.So it’s a big gap that we find out. Our new chips has been received a new market challenge to cope with them. At the very beginning, our sale will be low, profit will also be little. We hope that we will be able to get the first mover advantage, because there is no such product especially for children health. 1. Market Description: We know, the market means potential customers of a product or service. Bangladesh is a highly populated country. The birth rate is very high . As a result the children rate is also very high. We are not producing our product not only for children but also for teenagers, young generation.So our total target market is very large. Market demands of market will also increasing as much we can position in our customers mind. (All this f igure are estimated depending on class and age to have an idea about demand on chips on this variables) This is our target market. We want to target children as well as young people of middle and higher class of people. We are not eliminating lower class people but first we want to create demand for our product then we will try to reduce our product price and serve to all class of people. 2. Product review:The product quality is more high comparative to the other competitors, because our main ingredients is Mushroom which is totally new flavor and taste and also work against for the cancer. It is suitable for children health. It is highly reached by Protein-15. 53%, Fat-20%,Saturated fat-1. 42%, Carbohidrated-2. 45%, Sugar-2. 40%, Energy-100gm, Colastrol-0%, Sodiam-. 64%, which is very much essential for specially kids and young age people. 1. 3 Price: Price levels are set for launching our product for our targeted customers. 4. Sales:We want to produce 960000 of products in our fir st step of production. Depending on increasing demand rate, we will increase our production rate over a month. Every year, we will increase our 10% of production. We will observe the sales and satisfaction levels of our customers through our sales representatives. Our Product will sale only in Urban and town side areas of Bangladesh, that’s why we are not distributing and sales product in rural areas because our price level is bit high. After increasing our product demand and sales, we will try to reduce our cost of production.As a result, we reduce our product price and distributed in rural areas in Bangladesh. 5. Gross margin: We have a great competition in our market. 1st year; we want to create huge demand by good quality advertisement and promotional activities to create position in our customers mind. As a result, we expected low gross margin for 1st year, it will be just cover the fixed asset. 2nd year, we will try to sale more and more and reduce the cost of goods sol d. It will increase our gross margin. 1. 6 Profit: We expected earning profit within 2 years.Before that we will try to cover our fixed costs and make break even points of sales. 1. 6 Distribution review: Factory Warehouse Divisional warehouse Salesman Retailer Customer †¢ Our factory situated at Tongi in Gazipur. After producing our products it will store in our own warehouse Mirpur. †¢ From this warehouse products are distributed 6 divisions by our own transport and then storing these goods in divisional warehouse. †¢ Then our trained salesman distributes our products in the market to the retailer. And finally retailers sell it to the ultimate customer. 1. 7 Competitive Review: 1. 7. 1 Potato Crackers: Potato Crackers is a very popular snack prepared with combination of wheat, starch together with potato. It is a light, crispy snack and less oily. It has an average food value and is available with spicy tomato flavor. Ingredients: Potato Powder, Potato Starch, Wheat flour, Refined Vegetable Oil and Seasoning. 1. 7. 2 Cheese Ball: |  |Cheese Ball is an extruded product made from corn and rice and coated with rich cheese powder.It is superb in taste and | | |something to be enjoyed all the time. | | |Ingredients: Corn, Rice, Salt, Vegetable Oil, Cheese Powder & Seasoning. | 1. 7. 3 Mr. Twist: Mr. Twist is especially attractive to youngsters. This potato based snack has a certain amount of modified or native starch to give it a beautiful twisty shape and fine texture. Available with tomato paprika flavor. Ingredients: Potato Powder, Modified Potato starch, Native Potato starch, Refined Vegetable Oil and seasoning. 1. 7. 4 Meridian Chips: Meridian Chips is especially attractive to all people.Total annual sales below US$1 Million. Export percentage 1% – 10% per year. 1. 7. 5 Lay’s: Lay’s is the brand name for a number of potato chip (crisps) varieties as well as the name of the company that founded the chip brand in 1932. Lay 's chips have been marketed as a division of Frito-Lay, a company owned by PepsiCo since 1965. Other brands in the Frito-Lay group include Fritos, Doritos, Ruffles, Cheetos, Rold Gold pretzels, and Sun Chips. | | | 2. 00 SWOT ANALYSIS:SWOT analysis is an important tool for auditing the overall strategic position of a business and its environment. SWOT is an abbreviation for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats. Opportunities and threats are external factors. For example, an opportunity could be a developing distribution channel such as the Internet, or changing consumer lifestyles that potentially increase demand for a company's products. A threat could be a new competitor in an important existing market or a technological change that makes existing products potentially obsolete. Strength: |Weakness: | |[pic] Technological skills |[pic] New company | |[pic] Distribution channels |[pic] Absence of importer skills | |[pic] Product quality |[pic] Unreliable product | |[pic] Value delivery network |[pic] Financial problem | |Opportunity: |Threats: | |[pic] Changing customer taste |[pic] Changes in government politics | |[pic] Technological advances |[pic] Acceptance the product | |[pic] Changes in government politics |[pic] Competitor rate high | |[pic] Availability of raw materials |[pic] Strict rules and regulation | 2. 1 Strength: [pic]Without any touch of hand the product is made because of development of technological skills. [pic] There are another strength of the company is distribution channels. Our distribution channel is very strong; relation of the supplier and resellers is very strong. pic]The product quality is more high comparative to the other competitors, because our main ingredients is Mushroom which is totally new flavor and taste and also work against for the cancer. [pic]Because of our good relationship with supplier, reseller and for the good transportation facility our sale will be definitely increases. Our value delivery Network is in strong position. We are having good relationships with our suppliers for a longer period of time. 2. 2 Weakness: [pic] Although the company is new, it has not established a brand or images in the market place this is the weakness for the product popularity. [pic] Because of the new product and company importer skills are absence here that’s why we can’t includes any internal facilities. pic] For the first time the mushroom is exit in the market that’s why people can’t properly reliable to the product quality. [pic] Financial problem is another weakness of the company like what will be the price Cost and investment. [pic] Quality of the Mushroom is not up to mark. 2. 3 Opportunity: [pic]It’s an available product but of the new version of taste and quality create a new change of the customer taste. [pic]For the technological changes and advances it’s easier to give any information and promotional activities to know the product popularit y to the people. [pic]If the government changes politics then it will be easy to access the product to the market. pic]Availability of the raw materials is increasing day by day which is help to produce more products. 2. 4 Threats: [pic]If government is increase the taxes and the political issues are not favor then it will be the threats for the company. [pic]The product may not be accepted to the people then it will be the great threats for the company. [pic]The product competitor rate is very high that’s why sometimes we are facing many competing problem, which can be a threats of the company [pic]Company establishment rules and regulation is strict that’s why sometimes to take any easy decisions are create complicated situations. Adjustment of opportunities and threat: The usefulness of SWOT analysis is not limited to profit-seeking organizations.SWOT analysis may be used in any decision-making situation when a desired objective has been defined. If the raw material s are available to the market then the cost of the raw materials will be reduced then we can produce more product in minimum price, and if the government politics are favor then the supply of the product and the transportation cost will be reduced. These products have new taste and a new ingredient which is changes the customer taste. We have to overcome the threats. If the product is not the accepted to the peoples, then we have to increase our promotional activities to attract the peoples and create more differentiations better than our competitors. 3. 0 OBJECTIVES AND ISSUES 3. 1 Financial objectives: Achieve first year total sales revenue of Tk. 48,00000, based on average price of Tk. 14 per unit. But first three month we cannot achieve any profit because in that time we invest lot of money for sales promotion campaigns, electronic trade show, provide mini pack sample to the selected customer. †¢ Produce net profits of Tk. 9,60000 next year with a target profit margin of 20 percent on total sales. †¢ Marinating a significant research and development budget. †¢ Increasing production level each month by 1 % †¢ Investing more in Cultivation Of mushrooms. †¢ Establish 3 Big factory for producing large amount of product 3. 2 Marketing Objectives: Achieve a first year unit sales volume of 1,15,20,000 which represents a projected market share of 10 percent with one type in product line. †¢ Increase second year share to 15 percent, based on sales of three types in product line. †¢ Generate 30 percent brand awareness within the consumer target market and 40 percent brand awareness within the business target market by end of next year. †¢ We want to be no. 1 Chips Company in Bangladesh. †¢ After one month, we are collecting our sales review and satisfaction level of our customers. †¢ Diversification in our product line. †¢ We want to create social value for position in customers mind. 3. 3 Issues Our new brand o f chip that is Mushroom chips is completely unknown into the existing market.So, our major issue is to establish a well-regarded brand name linked to a meaningful positioning. We will have to invest heavily in marketing to create an excellent, distinctive brand image projecting innovation, quality, and value. We also must measure awareness and response so that we can adjust our marketing efforts if necessary. 4. 0 MARKETING STRATEGY 4. 1 Market segmentation: Geographic: divisions and district town side areas such as Dhaka, chittagoan, Rajshahi, Sylhet, Barishal, Khulna . Dhaka – (gazipur district -town side) Demographic: Age-5-12, 12-18, 18-24, 24 to others and higher class, middle class of people. Product related: †¢ Regular customers †¢ Irregular Customers †¢ Negative customers 2.Target market: †¢ Children †¢ Young people †¢ People Middle class and higher class †¢ urban areas people 4. 3 Positioning: To children, young people, chips custom ers who are seeking for delicious taste with nutrition . Mushroom chips contains mushroom that gives you taste with good nutrition because it has the highest level of Protein-15. 53%, Fat-20%, Saturated fat-1. 42%, Carbohidrated-2. 45%, Sugar-2. 40%, Energy-100gm, Colastrol-0%, Sodiam-. 64% 4. 4 Differentiation: Mushrooms are good sources nutrition and this is our main ingredients. Top of Form Bottom of Form 4. 5 Marketing mix: Marketing mix consist of four basic things which is known as â€Å"four Ps†: roduct, price, place, promotion under the consideration of our product (Mushroom Chips) These four Ps are specified as 4. 5. 1 Product: The Mushroom chips, including all the features described in the product review section. The product is very healthy and a better quality compare to our competitors. Mushroom Chips (Burke) Recipe By : Cooking with David Burke Serving Size: 4 Preparation Time: 0:00 Categories : Amount Measure Ingredient — Preparation Method —â€⠀Ã¢â‚¬â€œ ———— ——————————– 1 pound large white mushrooms Or Portobello mushrooms 2 cups clarified butter OR vegetable oilCoarse salt OR kosher salt — to taste Quality that we are first assure in our product. It is highly reached by Protein-15. 53%, Fat-20%,Saturated fat-1. 42%, Carbohidrated-2. 45%, Sugar-2. 40%, Energy-100gm, Colastrol-0%, Sodiam-. 64%, which is very much essential for specially kids and young age people. Each and every process of the production is done by automatic machine. Design is the factor that will often give a company its competitive edge. It is the totality of features that affect how a product looks and functions in term of customer requirements. Feature leads to the materials which are used in production for making the product. ‘Regal industries used Mushroom powder, Mushroom starch, and Wheat flour, Refine vegetable oil, Seasoning and P otato powder for producing the chips. The top management of the Regal Industries has decided to give a brand name to new product as â€Å"Mushroom Chips†. Packaging which gives an extra attractiveness to any particular product. That’s why we also design a packet for â€Å"Mushroom Chips†. The whole packaging process will be done without any kind of hand touch in an automatic machine. 4. 5. 2 Price: â€Å"The Regal mushroom chips† will be introduced at tk. 14 wholesale and tk. 15 estimated retail price per unit. We know that the price is much higher than the other Chip present in the market but it will give a high quality.We expect to lower the price of packets within few months. Because of the first time at market the company would like to give some discount to the retailers which will make them some profit. The company is also giving some credit terms facilities to their wholesaler and retailers. 4. 5. 3 Promotion: The management of Regal Industries has budgeted tk. 1,80,000. 00 for their advertising and promotion activities for per month. As a new product in the market it needs huge amount of advertising and promotion activities to tell the consumer about the product and its features. For that reason management decide to go for more fancy advertise in Television, Radio, Billboards, and Web site and in News paper.The policy makers has decide to offer different types of popular cartoon and super hero characters stickers and tutus with per packet of Regal Mushroom chips for Childs and purchase intensive to the wholesale and retail for sell promotion. By organizing Charity concert, Open concert, Sports tournament, Reality shows etc; Regal Industries would like to build a good relation whit people in near future. 4. 5. 4 Place: At the very beginning Regal Mushroom Chips will distribute to the town area of 6 divisions across the country with companies own transport system. By considering the future demand it has planned to distribute in the whole country area.For unexpected future demand it always kept sufficient amount of inventories in its own warehouse. 4. 6 Marketing Communication Strategy: By integrating all messages in all media, we will reinforce the brand name and the main points of product differentiation. Research about media consumption patterns will help our advertising agency choose appropriate media and timing to reach prospects before and during product introduction. The agency will also coordinate public relations efforts to build the brand and support the differentiation message. To attract, retain, and motivate channel partners for a push strategy, we will use trade sales promotions and personal selling to channel partners.Until the brand has been established, our communications will encourage purchases through channel partners. Our distribution channel is quite different from other chips because our main target consumers are the upper class and upper middle class people, who are Not usually conc erned about the television advertisement because they are more cautious about the product quality. 4. 7 Marketing Research: Using research, we are identifying the specific features and benefits that our target segments value. Feedback from market tests, surveys, and focus groups will help us develop the â€Å"Regal Mushroom Chips† brand. We are also measuring and analyzing customers’ attitudes toward competing brands and products.Brand awareness research will help us determine the effectiveness and efficiency of our messages and media. Finally, we will use customer satisfaction studies to gauge market reaction. 4. 8 Marketing Organization: Chief marketing officer holds overall responsibility of all the companies marketing activities. Company has also three top level manager for advertisement department , sales department and promotion department . And under sales manager company has six divisional sales manager . They are responsible for divisional sales increasing. Ma rketing Organization Abdur Rahman Chief Marketing Officer 5. 0 ACTION PROGRAM Our company â€Å"Regal Company† will be introduced in February 2011.Following are summaries of the action programs we will during the first three months to achieve our stated objective. January: We will initiate a Tk. 300000 trade sales promotion campaigns to educate retailers and generate excitement for the product launch in February. We will exhibit electronic trade show, provide mini pack sample to the selected customer. Our promotion manager is responsible for this work. February: We will start an integrated print, radio and media advertisement targeting consumers. This advertisement will show our products differentiation from other competitor. Advertisements also show our products feature to the ultimate customer. Our Advertisement manager is responsible for those works.March: As the multimedia campaigns continue, we will add consumer’s sales promotion techniques such as giving scratch card and lottery etc. Our sales manager is responsible for this type of sales increasing techniques. 6. 0 FINANCIALS PROJECTIONS In this section we make expected budget of sales and cost monthly and yearly. We count breakeven point unit sales. We also present our expected sales revenue and profit. Our product per unit cost is 13. 5 Tk. And wholesale price is 14 Tk. And Maximum retail price is 15 Tk. Expected Sales Budget |Division |Monthly |Yearly | | |Unit |Cartoon |Unit |Cartoon |Dhaka |5,00,000 |5,000 |60,00,000 |60,000 | |Chittagong |2,00,000 |2,000 |24,00,000 |24,000 | |Barisal |70,000 |700 |8,40,000 |8,400 | |Sylet |80,000 |800 |9,60,000 |9,600 | |Rajshai |50,000 |500 |6,00,000 |6,000 | |Khulna |60,000 |600 |7,20,000 |7,200 | |Total |9,60,000 | |1,15,20,000 | | Expected Cost Budget |Type of Cost |Monthly(TK) |Yearly(Tk. ) | |Variable |1,10,40,000 |13,24,80,000 | |Fixed |20,00,000 |2,40,00,000 | |Total |1,30,40,000 |15,64,80,000 | Per Unit Cost Per unit Cost = (Fixed cost + Va riable cost) Unit Production 2, 40, 00,000 + 13, 24, and 80,000) = 1, 15, 20,000 = 13. 5 Tk. Break-even Unit Sales (Yearly) Per Unit Sales 14 Tk. Per Unit Variable Cost 11. 5Tk Per Unit Contribution 2. 5Tk. Fixed expense Now, B E S in Unit = Per Unit Contribution 2, 40, 00,000 = 2. 5 = 96, 00,000 unit. Expected Revenue (Yearly) Sales (1, 15, 20,000* 14) 16, 12, 80,000 Variable Cost 13, 24, 80,000 Revenue 2, 88, 00,000 Expected Profit (Yearly) Revenue 2, 88, 00,000 -) Fixed expense 2, 40, 00,000 Profit 48, 00,000 7. 0 IMPLEMENTATION CONTROLS The controlling process: In the control Process, we will compare our total result with the expected things that we are mentioned. If there is mistakes then take necessary steps to control the overall process. There will be two way of controlling. One is operational control and second one is strategic control. Operational control: If any changes occurred to our production process, then it will be done by operational control. Strategic control: If any changes occurred into strategic plan than it will be done by strategic control.Market Audit: We will hire a market audit or researcher to evaluate our marketing plan and give advices how to improve in operational control, strategic plan, others plans. Implementation Plan: The following identifies the key activities that are critical to our marketing plan. It is important to accomplish each one on time and on budget. †¢ Online advertising, which cost BDT 50,000. †¢ Separate rack in shopping malls and the departmental stores, which costs BDT 200,000. †¢ Other advertising costs BDT 10,00,000. †¢ Event sponsorship, which costs BDT 300,000 References: 1. http://trade. coa. gov. tw/showProduct. do? isTemp=false&rid=2465&lang=e&showMenu=true 2. http://www. recipesource. com/fgv/vegetables/mushrooms/00/rec0053. html 3. ttp://www. malaysiabest. net/2006/03/06/snacks-mushroom-chips/ 4. http://ihor5. freeyellow. com/mushchip. html[pic][pic][pic] 5. http://banglapedia. s earch. com. bd/HT/M_0416. htm 6. http://www. mushroomlovers. com/Health. htm [pic] ———————– Md. saley uddin , Reasonal Sales manager, Chittagong Ms. Sabrina Azam, Reasonal Sales manager, Sylet. Mr. Rafique Khan, Reasonal sales manager, Rajshahi. Md. Jahidul Islam, Reasonal Sales manager, Khulna Ms. Sayla Zaman , Reasonal Sales manager, Barisal. Md. Azad, Reasonal Sales manager. Dhaka Ms. Bristi Rani Advertising Manager Md. ,Hasan Mahamud,Promotion Manager Ms. Nancy Christina Sales manager

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Greek Default of Sovereign debt - Essay Example For some, such as the NAFTA (North American Free Trade Area), regional integration is based on establishing free trade zones. For others, such as the AU (African Union) and the EU (European Union), regional integration is based on political and economic cooperation (Sore, 2010). With the trend of regional and global integration, one of the emerging concepts is sovereign debt borrowing. Under this concept, a country can borrow a loan from another country or institutions. For example, a country that is experiencing financial problems such as growing budget deficits has the option of sovereign debt to address the problem. Some of these institutions include the World Bank, EU, and IMF (International Monetary Fund). Foreign debts are supposed to be paid as per the agreement. However, there have been cases of defaults in repayment. Usually, a country that is unable to repay its foreign debts on the agreed date can renegotiate the deal for an extension. The renegotiation option is not always a guarantee. A foreign debt default can cause adverse implications for the affected countries. In the past, such defaults have resulted in military invasions such as when the US occupied Haiti in 1915 (Huang, 2014). There have various foreign debt defaults since 2000. Some of these include: Apart from these cases, one of the largest and most recent foreign debt default occurred in 2012. Greece defaulted on its $138 billion foreign debt, which became the all-time biggest foreign debt default (Huang, 2014). The purpose of this paper is to present an in-depth analysis of the Greece sovereign default. The paper will present a detailed discussion of how the default came to be, what factors and actors contributed to it, the reactions of different stakeholders, the lessons drawn, and the way forward. The paper will present a background of the Greek debt crisis,

Outlined based on the questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Outlined based on the questions - Essay Example This paper will focus on the Roman, the British, and the Third Reich empire and how they handled their computer administration systems (Black, 2002). The Roman Empire The Ancient Roman Empire began its history as a city-state. The early Roman Empire culture was unique and had a significant influence on the Western world. Rome is known to be an empire that conquered many territories around the Mediterranean Sea. Rome grew into a huge empire because of how it applied technological concepts and ideas in its activities. Roman Empire had powerful administration systems that it used to handle information of individuals and the cities it conquered. This empire would then use the information to give citizenship to the people of those cities (Black, 2002). Roman Empire applied its technologic systems in recruiting its army and administrative purposes such as in voting. Roman Empire relied on agriculture to drive the economy. The infrastructure was made using stone, sand and marrum, which is, still used today where a multi-layering technique was used to ensure stability of the road. Therefore, the ideas and concepts of the Roman Empire are still in use4 today only that modern administrative systems are used today. The Roman Empire had a significant influence on the Western World and continues to do so today (Black, 2002). ... For example the First Generation computers (1951–1959) were made using vacuum tubes as the storage device. Subsequent developers would advance on this original work by replacing various hardware components in order to deliver a more faster and powerful Product. An example is the work of Charles Babbage who was a British mathematician, inventor, philosopher, and mechanical engineer. Babbage invented the first programmable computer that eventually inspired more complex designs such as the abacus. Another example is The Manchester Small-Scale Experimental Machine (SSEM), that is also referred with the term â€Å"Baby† (Black, 2002). This was the world's first stored-program computer and although initially it was not meant to be a practical computer, it was actually meant for a test bed for Williams Tube, which is the earlier memory device. Baby was built by Frederic C. Williams, Geoff Tootill and Tom Kilburn at the Victoria University of Manchester in the early 1950s was a powerful administrative system with many functions in the British empire owing to its ability of rapid manipulation of numbers (Black, 2002). After the development of Baby, the subsequent computing hardware devices were developed and categorized into various â€Å"generations† based on the technology that would be used. Third Reich The Third Reich,  is the official Nazi designation for in Germany dating from January 1933 to May 1945, and presumed as the official successor of the medieval and early German Empire from 1871 to 1918 referred as the Second Reich. The IBM and the Holocaust book tells the story of IBM's conscious or direct involvement or through its subsidiaries in the Holocaust. Besides this, the book tells of IBM’s involvement in the Nazi

Policies and Procedures That Govern the Hiring Practices Article

Policies and Procedures That Govern the Hiring Practices - Article Example For Catholic Charities Spokane, their ultimate goal of providing consumer satisfaction within the means of the organization has guided them to the careful establishment of processes regarding recruitment, encouraging productiveness, work evaluation, and feedback. The Human Resources Coordinator is in charge of posting job vacancies, evaluating candidates, and organizing interviews. Productiveness of employees is encouraged through retreats and yearly evaluation. On the other hand, employees are given the voice to air their concerns regarding their work environment. The organization has made its stand regarding issues such as sexual harassment, discrimination and nepotism to prevent the occurrence of such activities. Ultimately, the human resource practices are annually evaluated using employee satisfaction ratings and retention. In any human resource management, knowing and understanding the law is important, as it decreases the chance of committing a federal or state crime (Yoder-Wi se, 2003). The policy and procedures of human resource management should thus be based on what the law stipulates. ... The Catholic Charities thus annually reassesses its workforce, through the Program Directors, based on any changes in employee workloads, current management practices, service objectives, and quality improvement. The Catholic Charities are also open to practicum students and volunteers. The recruitment and hiring process has been carefully planned out. Briefly, the availability of a position and its respective job description is promulgated in-house and around the community by the Human Resources Coordinator, in accordance to National Labor Relations Board (NLRB) standards (Siegel, 2002). For those who have completed the minimum requirements, two structured interviews are conducted to screen all applicants. The interview questions comply with employment and labor laws, as implemented by NLRB. What is important is that the set of questions asked of each applicant is consistent (Siegel, 2002). Aside from the competence of getting the job done, the commitment to empowering others by bei ng culturally and socioeconomically sensitive as well as to community involvement. An employee’s sensitivity is ascertained using a set of questions inquiring about empowerment of others, belief in the value of family, establishing and maintaining respectful relationships, and knowing one’s limits. This is in accordance to NLRB’s suggestion that the interview questions be focused on what was previously done by the interviewee, in the premise that past behavior is the best predictor of future behavior, in case of employment (Siegel, 2002). Finally, a letter of hire will be given to the person most qualified for the job. The manpower is maximized by providing an equitable work environment that supports organizational productivity and stability despite individual

Vietnam Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Vietnam - Term Paper Example The climate of the Vietnam is mostly monsoonal in the North and tropical towards the south (Tucker 30). Among the natural resources that the country enjoys include coal, phosphates, bauxite, offshore oil and gas, hydropower, manganese and chromate. The country normally suffers from occasional typhoons, which may occur any time from May to January. These typhoons are accompanied by extensive flooding especially along the banks of the Mekong River (Ray, Dragicevish and Louis 45). History The history of Vietnam dates back to over 2700 years ago. Back then it used to be part of the Chinese Empire. The first inhabitants of the country were at first scattered in the Northern part. The country has a rich history in its relations with its largest neighbor, China. It was under Chinese rule until 939 AD when it gained independence (Gainsworth 34). The country flourished under the Ly Dynasty which was in power for 200 years, from 1010 to 1225. Under the Ly Dynasty, Vietnamese continued living u nder Chinese social and political institutions. For instance, their children were schooled following the Confucianism System that was popular in China at the time. However, native forms of social expression were common especially at the village level. These native forms and cultural expressions helped the Vietnamese create vibrant traditions of their own (Largo 12). Under the Ly dynasty, Vietnam was mostly an agricultural economy and rice was the country’s main staple food. Feudal system of land ownership flourished during this period. However, there also existed a class of powerful landlords who exerted influence separate from the feudal lords. Apart from agriculture, commerce was also an important mainstay of the Vietnamese economy. The local craft industry was among the most vibrant in the region and many products from the country could be found in the major markets of Asia. However, unlike its neighbors, Vietnam never ventured into international trade, and therefore, it r arely featured in regional trade activities (Tucker 58). During the 19th century, Vietnam became involved with the French. The French helped Nguyen Anh seize power in the hopes that he would help them in their trading and missionary endeavors. However, this was not to be as Nguyen was highly suspicious of French intentions. Many missionaries and their converts were killed by Nguyen forces, and this led to an intervention by Emperor Napoleon III. After several invasions from French forces, Vietnam finally accepted French control in the country. However, the French occupation of the country was not to last as Vietnamese soon started revolting against their colonizers (Gainsworth 134). In 1954, after years of civil strife, the French decided to grant the Vietnamese nationals their freedom. The two sides agreed to temporarily divide the country into two before full independence could be attained. The Vietnamese nationals, led by the Viet Minh took over the north in Hanoi while the Frenc h and their supports took control of the south and established their base at Saigon. The Northern Viet Minh established a communist society while the South under Ngo Dinh Diem built a strong anti communist regime (Largo 47). However, Diem’s regime was a dictatorial one and his failure to establish strong economic and political reforms made him unpopular in the South. His refusal to reunite with the communist North put him in even more trouble. In 1963, Diem was overthrown and assassinated by his own forces.

Web Browsers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Web Browsers - Research Paper Example Over time their usability has increased. Though, their main function is to act as browsers for the web, they are also used in different networking solutions. The first web browser was introduced in 1993 by Marc Andreessen and Eric Bina. It was named Mosaic and made to run on UNIX platform (Rosen et al. 290). Mosaic Communications Corporation was founded and later named Netscape Communications Corporation and hence, the browser was renamed Netscape. Functionality was added over time and it was fairly simple. Various bundles were added along with the browser to improve its functionality and enable it to connect with an email client and for composing a webpage. In 1995, Microsoft countered Netscape with the introduction of Internet Explorer for its Windows platform. The browser was based on the original Mosaic browser. The two companies fought for dominance for almost three years and a race started between the two. This war for dominance is known as the Browser War (Ensor 164). Over this time new features were introduced and the development of feature rich modern browsers started. Microsoft gained dominance by including Internet Explorer fr ee in its Windows operating system and furthermore, developed a version for the UNIX foundation also available free of cost. Netscape could not sustain damages and was sold to Mozilla Foundation; the maker of Firefox. Over time, other browsers joined in the list. Most notable of them are Apple’s Safari, which was introduced in 2003 and the more recently Google’s Chrome introduced in 2008. The major web browsers in use today include Internet Explorer, Chrome, Firefox and Safari. The basic functionality of all these browsers is to enable user navigation in a webpage. Different features have been added over time and they are all different from each other in operation, features and interface. The most common features besides supporting HTML files include; built in search

Licensing and Professional Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Licensing and Professional Organization - Essay Example In most cases, the program has a theoretical background, which has evidence regarding on clinical experiences on community-based practice settings (Sullivan-Marx, 2010). In this program, the nursing students get the chance to develop different skills when it comes to providing direct care, health assessments, health maintenance and information, which is useful in the promotion of health care to any given family. Generally, primary care nursing program deals with family’s mental, emotional, physical and sociocultural systems (Sullivan-Marx, 2010). Based on this specialty, I would expect to work in one of the many Georgia’s community health clinics.The Glenn Hills Community School-Based Clinic in Georgia being a community health care in Georgia as a big Primary Care organization favors my line of career(Georgia, 1996). The operating systems at the facility are versatile and updated; therefore, the environment at the organization will favor my career (Buppert, 2008). Additionally, I hope to learn a lot from this organization in terms of my nursing career. The Georgia community health clinic mostly addresses issues ranging from primary care needs, order diagnostic tests and writing of prescriptions (Sullivan-Marx, 2010). Alternatively, the organization focuses on helping in the application of evidence-based, management of common acute and some of the chronic health problems among individuals. All the mentioned care approaches directly lie in my line of duty(Georgia, 1996).

Criminal Law Will Never Be an Adequate Response for Dealing with Essay

Criminal Law Will Never Be an Adequate Response for Dealing with Complexities of Gendered, Sexualised and Racialised Violence - Essay Example The other objective of criminal law is to make it possible for individuals to coexist in the society1. Other objectives include to define the procedures of recognizing innocence or guilt and to choose the form of treatment or punishment after the individual is convicted for violating society’s laws2. The main aim of the criminal law is to protect the society so that its members can be reasonably secure as they carry out their constructive activities. Behaviours that are considered to be detrimental to the society’s welfare are made criminal. At all times, a balanced has to be attained between protecting the society and the individual rights. There are three types of harm or dangers that the criminal protects the individual against, and they include protection of the societal morals, protection from harm caused by others, and protection from harm emanating from ourselves. The most common protection that criminal law offers include protection from harm caused by others. T he obvious protection offered is found in laws against arson, rape, theft, and homicide. Individuals feel reasonably secure when majority of the people, â€Å"most of the time, will not harm us in these or other ways, and that if we are harmed, the offender will be caught and punished.†3 Criminal Law Will Never Be an Adequate Response for Dealing with the Complexities of Gendered, Sexualized and Racialised Violence Criminal Law Will Never Be an Adequate Response for Dealing with the Complexities of Gendered Violence In the majority of the countries in the world, criminal law is the conventional legal strategy utilized in addressing issues of violence against women. The laws are usually contained in general statutes like the penal codes that create the national criminal justice system. The penal codes apply to all individuals and in all areas within the nation. At times, the special statutes tackle certain types of violence such as torture and dowry violence. This form of legi slation supplements penal codes, basic law, thus offering for a more focussed regulatory control. However, in most cases, there gaps in special laws and penal codes, and this results in the inadequacies, and inefficiencies in the criminal justice system. It is important to note that the laws are not in place and thus, they are supposed to be reformed, expanded, and revised4. Due to ineffective enforcement, inefficiency in investigation, undue influence, and corruption, the criminal justice systems are said to be against women who are victims of violence. Thus, the procedural and substantive criminal laws and the law enforcement culture, lack gender sensitivity and they reflect an entrenched prejudice against women5. The criminal law alone cannot effectively deal with the problem of domestic violence. Majority of the aspects in domestic violence cannot be described as crime\, and they do not into any classes of assault under the criminal law. For instance, a woman who is under infreq uent sexual or physical assaults from her partner or husband may find that her day-to-day life is controlled by measures such as seeking permission on a daily basis to see her friends or family, take up education or employment, or even to go out. These women may generally feel incapable of doing so for fear of reaction. Thus, most of the women will not have the option of using criminal law. It is worth noting that criminal law will not effectively recognize the possible danger or escalation of the abuse when it attempts to challenge

Martin Luther King vs. Malcolm X Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther King vs. Malcolm X Essay Malcolm X Vs. MLK JR Extremist, or peace maker? That is the true difference between the beliefs, and ideals of Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X. Both men were African-American civil rights activists during the 1950’s and 1960’s, and both wanted to be accepted for their race, but they wanted that acceptance in very different ways. The two men had very diverse beliefs, Malcolm being a devout Muslim and King being a Baptist clergyman, their religions played a big part in each of their views and how they went about achieving their goals. This is where their ideas differed, and why they wouldnt technically be considered same, or â€Å"fighting for the same cause†. Malcolm X was considered an extremist for a few main reasons, one being that he wanted complete segregation from the white race. He believed that African Americans were so mistreated that they should be completely shut off from the white Americans. In his Declaration of Independence (1964), he states that the â€Å"best solution is complete separation, with our people going back home, to our own African homeland†. He wanted himself, and all other blacks to be sent to their ancestors land of Africa where they could live among other blacks, where they wouldnt be thought of as a lower class, but as equals. Although Mr. X wanted equality for blacks and whites, he still believed that there should be segregation; he wanted both races to be â€Å"separate but equal†. In the sense of violence, X didn’t promote the use of violence, yet he did believe that man should be able to â€Å"defend himself when he is the constant victim of brutal attacks†. In the end, Malco lm wanted a place of acceptance, and a place where he could be somewhat at peace with what he considered his own kind. Peace is what brought Martin Luther King power in his speeches to the people of America. Like extremist Malcolm X he wanted acceptance for himself, and all of as hed put it â€Å"brothers, and sisters†. The Kings speeches were very motivational during their time, and so uplifting that its generally believed if not assassinated complete freedoms for African Americans wouldve been accomplished much sooner. King believed he could achieve his dreams and goals of having whites and black living together in harmony and peacefulness through nonviolent protesting and also by educating the public. Martin Luther King wanted acceptance just as Malcolm X did, but they wanted it in two very different ways. King wanted it through peace and unification with his fellow Americans, while Malcolm wanted it through rioting, and force of opposition. It might seem like Martin Luther King Jr. and Malcolm X fought for different things for the African American people, but in all reality it comes down to the simplest form of an idea. They wanted acceptance. Without acceptance both causes were completely lost, no matter the arguments made, and the battles fought. Till acceptance was granted, all was lost. Thats why the differences of Malcolm X, and Martin Luther King Jr.s differences are what united them, giving them their ultimate similarity.

main elements constituting a vaild contract

main elements constituting a vaild contract The word law has been given many definitions. The higher being is the state and the inferior being is the individual. The sanctions or punishments include imprisonment, fines, damages and injunctions. In our country Malaysia, Federal Constitution declares itself as the supreme law of the Federation. Hence, to put it modestly, law may be defined as a body of rules which are enforced by the state. Furthermore, law save from harm the basic individual rights and freedom such as liberty, equality and freedom of speech. It avoid individuals in powerful positions from taking an unreasonable advantage of other people and ensures a harmless and peaceful society, in which individual rights are conserved, law has develops as the norms and needs of society changes. Malaysia practices Parliamentary democracy with Constitutional Monarchy, wherein the Yang Di-Pertuan Agong (King) is the Paramount Ruler. The constitution of Malaysia divides the authority of the Federation into three branches, namely Legislative, Administrative or Executive and Judiciary. Definition for question 1 Contracts are not only applicable to business but are also part of our everyday life. A contract is made out of the simple act of purchasing a newspaper, using a credit card to buy a dress or paying a parking fee. Other contracts such as the sale and purchase of property are additional complex, requiring formal written documents. Law, is merely anxious with the fulfillment of certain conditions by the parties so that the transactions can be standard as legally binding agreement and enforceable. Section 2(h) of CA 1950 states that an agreement enforceable by law is a contract. The strongest contract, in terms of enforceability, has an offer, acceptance, consideration for the exchange, clearly sets out the terms of the agreement without doubt, and is signed by the involved parties with appropriate capacity to enter into the contract. Hence, a contract can be defined as an agreement the law between two or pre parties to do or to abstain from doing some act/acts, their intention being to create legal relation and not purely to exchange mutual promise to give something of value as consideration for any benefits derived form the agreement. Thus each of the parties to a contract wants or needs something the other party has in its power to give, and each of the parties is willing to give up something of in order to make safe what the other party has. Basic Elements of a Valid Contract an Overview From the definition above, it may be concluded that the basis of a contract is agreement between parties. As such, the existence of other elements is also required to allow an agreement to transform into a contract and make it enforceable in law. For a valid contract, the basic elements that need to exist are: Agreement (comprising offer and acceptance): The existence of an offer and an acceptance are a means of analyzing the process of negotiation to decide whether a contract has been made and if so, when it was made. Mutual assent of the parties is the basic of an agreement. Consideration: This is the value given by the parties for the promise that is being made. Usually consideration takes the form of money, property and services. Capacity: Only parties who have capacity are able to enter the intro a valid and enforceable contract. Persons who are under age of have serious mental disability do not have legal capacity to enter into contract. Consent: If the parties do not enter onto the agreement willingly, the agreement could be regarded as invalid. Genuine consent into a contract can be affected by a number of issues. For examples, during the contractual negotiations, there may have been: Undue influence Mistake as to the terms and identify of the person Misrepresentation Unconscionable conduct Duress or coercion. Certainty: All the terms of a contract should be clear and precise such that the parties know that they are agreeing to. Legality: any agreement to violate the law or any agreement forbidden by law is void. Contracts are illegal for two reasons: firstly, because their object is illegal: secondly, because although the object is perfectly legal, the manner of making it is against the law. Figure of basic elements of a valid contract: Formation of a contract Certainty Legality Consent Intention to create legal relations Capacity Consideration Agreement Offer Acceptance Agreement, the parties must agree on the rights and obligation to be created under the contract. Agreement that is reached through a process of offer and acceptance is a primary part of any contact because it requires consents ad idem, the meeting of the minds of the parties ingoing into the contract. For example the model case was Affin Credit (Malaysia) Sdn Bhd v Yap Yuen Fui (1984), the Federal Court held that where there was no offer and acceptance, the purported hire-purchased agreement was declare void ab initio, and the agreement was void from the beginning. Thus it can be seen that agreement forms the basic of contract if there is no valid agreement to begin with, there can no be no valid contract at all. It is important that an agreement determine a contractual relationship, which means that it is essential for the parties to be able to define when an offer has been made and when the offer has been accepted. Offer proposal, also under the agreement, the person making the of fer or proposal is called the promisor or offeror. The person to whom the proposal or offer is being made to is recognized as the promisee or offeree. If this person accepts the offer, then he is also called the acceptor. An offer is referred to in s 2(a) of CA 1950 as a proposal which is made when one person signifies to another his willingness to do or abstain from doing anything, with a view to obtaining the assent of that other to such act or abstinence. Acceptance, for a contract to be valid, there must be a proper acceptance by the offeree. Section 2(b) of CA 1950 provides that when by offeree signifies his assent to the offer, the offer is said to be accepted. Rules of a valid acceptance, if the acceptance of any promise is made in words, the promise is said to be express, and if the acceptance is made other than in words, the promise is said to be implied: s 9, CA 1950. Intention to create legal relations, an agreement reached between an offeror and an offeree will be a legally binding contract only if the parties intended that they should be legally bound. The parties intention to be bound can be specifically stated or be implied from their actions. Where intention is expressly stated, the courts would not impure otherwise unless there is strong evidence to prove the contrary. In social and domestic agreements between family and friends, there is a presumption that these agreements are not meant to be legally binding unless the contrary can be proven. In Balfour v Balfour (1919), the husband went to work in Ceylon and agreed to pay his wife 30 per month. He didnt pay the money and the wife sued. It was held that there was no contract because the parties didnt intend to create a legal relationship. In business and commercial agreements, which are more formal in nature; there is presumption that there is intention to create legal relations. Also, the intention to exclude legal consequences must be see out clearly in unambiguous words. The onus of proof is on the party who alleges that no legal effect is intended. Edwardss v Skyways (1964), the plaintiff who was a pilot was made redundant by the defendant. Ha had been informed by his pilots association that he would be given an ex gratia payment. The defendant failed to pay to pilot sued. The defendant argued that use of the words ex gratia. The court held that this agreement related to business matters and was presumed to be binding and the defendants had failed to rebut this presumption. Capacity to contract, in order to have a valid contract all parties to a contract must have capacity to enter into a contract. Capacity refers to the legal ability to go through into a contract and the law generally assumes that everyone has capacity to contract except certain categories of persons. Section 11 of CA 1950 presents that every person is competent to contract who are of the age of majority according to the law to which he is subject, of sound mind and not disqualified from contracting by any law to which he is subject. Certainty, agreements that are not certain in meaning or which the meaning is not capable of being made certain are void; s 30, CA 1950. The terms of an agreement ought to obvious, precise and certain. It cannot be vague. An agreement which is ambiguous and uncertain is not capable of being accepted as a valid contract. In Karuppan Chetty v Suah Thiam (1916), the contract was declared void as the phrase to last for last long as he likes carries uncertain definition. Legality, even where all the requirements of a valid contract discussed above the present, a contract may be illegal and thus unenforceable. Section 24 of CA 1950 further provides that the following consideration and objects are unlawful such as, it is forbidden by law and nature as to beat any law. In addition, it is fraudulent and involves or implies injury to person or property of another and the court regards it as dishonest, or opposed to public policy. Such agreements might be regarded as void. Consent, although all the elements of formation may be present rendering the contact valid, in certain circumstances if genuine consent is nit obtained, and then there can be no agreement and no contract between the parties. Even if consent is given, it may not have been freely given. Section 14 of CA 1950 states that consent is no free when it is result of coercion, undue influence, fraud, misrepresentation, and mistake. Conclusion: In this subject, I had learned a lot of legal things. At the end of this question, I had been search out to identify the essential elements required to figure a simple and valid contract, and the factors that can influence its validity and how to recognized when agreements has been legally binding. Its very effective for our future when we had starts a business. Definition of question 2 Remedies that are existed for breach of contract would depend on the gravity of the effect and impact of the breach. The types of remedies that are available are such as rescission of contract, the contract is annulled and both sides are excused form further performance and any money advanced is returned. Secondly is the damages, an equitable quantum of money is paid to the plaintiff to compensate for any loss. Thirdly goes to specific performance, a court order requiring performance exactly as specified in the contract. This remedy is unusual, except in real estate transactions and other unique property, as the courts do not want to get elaborate with monitoring performance. As a final point, injunction is a court order directing one party to perform or to refrain doing a certain act. It is used more than ever in situations where a monetary award for damages would not satisfy a plaintiffs claim or would not protect personal or property right from irreparable harm. A remedy is very i mportant and critical in the legal relations. Remedies What are remedies? Remedies are when a party to a contract unjustifiably fails to declines to perform his part of the contract; the other party has a right of legal action. The methods which are given by the law to an innocent party by which he may enforce a right or redress an injury are called remedies. Remedies that are available for breach of contract would depend on the consequence and impact of the breach. Probable remedies are such as rescission of contract, damages, specific performance, and injunction. Equitable remedies are generally remedies other than the payment of damages. This would include such remedies as obtaining an injunction, or requiring specific performance a contract. To begin with rescission of contract, on a breach of a condition of a contract, the injured party may treat the contract as at an end (or rescinded) and refused to perform or implement his part of the contract. When one party to a contract has refused to perform, or disabled himself from performing his promise in its entirety, the promisee may put an end to the contract, unless he has signified, by words or conduct, his acquiescence in its continuance; s 40, CA 1950. A person who rightly rescinds a contract is also entitled to damages under s 76, CA 1950. Next, are damages? Section 76 of CA 1950 provides that the injured party or the party that has suffered loss has a right to compensation for the loss or damaged suffered, payable to the breach of contract and the aim of damages is to put the innocent party into a position he would have been, had the contract been performed. Such as compensatory or ordinary damages, these are damages that are given to be party who has suffered loss caused by the breach of contract. The general position with regard to damages for breach of contract is that damages may be improved as long as they are not too remote. In the other words, damages might only be recovered in the relevant losses for example arise naturally as a result of the breach or dont take place naturally but are losses which are parties knew, at the time they made the contract, would be probable result of the breach. This principle stems form the decision in Hedley v Baxendale (1854) and is also provided in s 74(1) of CA 1950. How many kind of damages that under damaged? For example, exemplary damages, liquidated damages, and nominal damages, and so on. Start with the exemplary damages, these damages are damages that required and/or awarded by the court when the defendants willful acts were malicious, violent, oppressive, fraudulent, wanton, or grossly reckless. These damages are awarded both as a punishment and to set a public example. Although often requested, exemplary damages are infrequently awarded. Next to liquidated damages, liquidated damages are monetary compensation whose amount the parties agree upon during the formation of a contract for the injured party to pull together as compensation if a specific breach occurs. Damages can be liquidated in a contract only if the injury is either uncertain or difficult to quantity, or it would be difficult to prove the loss, or it would be difficult to find another adequate remedy. Hence, the amount is reasonable and is considered the actual or anticipated harm ca used by the contract breach, and the damages are structured to function as damages, not as a penalty. Hence, of the above criteria are not met, a liquidated damages clause will be void. After that is turned to nominal damages. Nominal damages are damages which consist of a small amount of cash payment which the court orders to paid to the plaintiff who has suffered to quantifiable pecuniary loss. The award serves as a token of honor to the rights of the plaintiff. Nominal damages is habitually sought to obtain to legal record of who was at fault. Specific performance, specific performance is an equitable remedy. It is a specialized remedy used by the courts when no other remedy (such as money) will adequately compensate the injured party. In addition, specific performance is not a typical remedy. If a legal remedy will put the injured party in the position he would have enjoyed had the contract been fully performed, then the court will use that opportunity to instead. The most common courts grant specific performance is that the subject of the contract is exclusive. For example, Donald offers to sell Belle his beachfront house and Belle accepts. Donald subsequently decides to keep the house. Since there is no other house exactly like Donalds house, Belle may be entitled to specific performance of the contract and the court may compel Donald to sell the house. Some more, specific performance is governed by the Specific Relief Act 1950. Section 11 of Specific Relief Act 1950 provides the circumstances when a court may grant spe cific performance: Where the act agreed to be done is in performance, wholly or partly, of a trust. These exists no standard for ascertaining the actual damage caused by non performance of the act agreed to be done. Where pecuniary performance is an inadequate relief. Where pecuniary relief cannot be obtained for the breach. Sections 20 and 21 of Specific Relief Act 1950 state that specific performance cannot be granted where damages are granted, the terms of the contract are uncertain, there is evidence of fraud and the performance of the contract would involve hardship on the defendant. Injunction, an injunction is an order of the court restraining a person from doing a specific act in the future. It is granted only when it is just and equitable to do so having regard to all the circumstances of the case. Specific relief Act 1950, section 50 of Specific Relief Act 1950 provides that it is a preventive relief granted at the discretion of the courts. In respect of contracts, an injunction may be sought to prevent a party from committing a breach of contract. For example, the court may order that a seller be restrained from selling land to anyone else when the seller has contracted to sell that land to the plaintiff. A court may award damages to an injured party either in addition to, or in substitution for, an order of injunction. Quantum meruit, quantum meruit determines the amount to be paid for services, when no contract exists (a doctor giving emergency aid), or where the parties to a contract have failed to agree on a price, and so on. If there is an existing contract for a stipulated amount and the mode of compensation for services, the plaintiff cannot abandon the contract and resort to an action for quantum meruit. For example, if a person sues for payment for services in such circumstances, the court will calculate the amount due based on time and usual rate of pay or the customary charge, based on quantum meruit by implying a contract existed. Conclusion: For the end of this question, I had learned about the significant and important of the remedies in the legal relations. In this question, I can find out and understand the exchange of benefits and obligations between the parties, which makes the agreement enforceable. Furthermore, students also can consider and evaluate the factors that influence the availability of compensation for losses suffered from breach of contractual obligations and identify the described remedies other than damages which may be available to the victims of a breach of contract.

The Post-Modern Reality of Hollywood Essay -- Essays Papers

The Post-Modern Reality of Hollywood The shower of bullets leave white grooved funnels in the air, as the hero in slow motion leans back to avoid the deadly aims of the gunmen—all the while his black trench-coat billows underneath him. The saddened husband in heaven spans the chasm of hell to be reincarnated with his soul-mate wife. The young business executive places the pistol in his mouth, his blood-shot eyes rolling upwards as beads of sweat trickle down his grimy face. Moments later, after the bullet has been released into his head he turns to see that his nemesis, his alter-ego, is now dead on the concrete. Sound unbelievable? Perhaps, but when realized as scenes from famous movies such as The Matrix, When Dreams May Come, and Fight Club, they seem not quite so unreachable as before. In recent years, Hollywood has been inundating the American public with movies that question the very essence of reality. While set in highly entertaining, thrilling, and spectacular films, the very foundations of reality have been challenged, and some unsettling questions have been left unanswered in the minds of the American public. When did Hollywood become such a philosophizer? But more importantly, why has Hollywood taken to creating powerful films that manipulate the emotions and beliefs of their viewers as specifically concerns reality and their understanding of it? Surely the foundations of reality have not always been so heavily emphasized in Hollywood in years past. Looking to motion pictures such as Casablanca, The Sound of Music, Clint Eastwood Western’s, Indiana Jones, and James Bond 007 (a handful of famous films), we do find questions posed and important scenarios of life brought to the screen. However, such movies were... ...wood with a nice paycheck. Granted, not all films produced by Hollywood are illusionistic mind-benders such as The Matrix, and there are still films which present a very â€Å"real† reality. However, the increasing number of films such as Pulp Fiction, Fight Club, and The Matrix, and the subsequent encouragement by the American viewing public is most definitely a phenomenon worth exploring in greater depth. Hollywood has indeed become one of the largest mediums and beneficiaries of the post-modern, and this can be seen clearly in the post-modern reality which it so brilliantly presents. According to Michael Albert in his article â€Å"Post-Modernism†. http://zena.secureforum.com/znet/ZMag/articles/albertold10.htm Godwa, Hollywood Worldviews, pg. 17 Veith, Postmodern Times, pg. 35-36 Godwa, Hollywood Worldviews, pg. 19 Downing, When Heaven Becomes Desolate, pg. 6

Douglas Coupland’s Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture: an alternative voice :: Essays Papers

Douglas Coupland’s Generation X: Tales for an Accelerated Culture: an alternative voice On production of his first novel, Coupland was labelled by critics spokesman for a new lost generation - â€Å"Generation X† - those individuals aged between mid-twenties and mid-thirties who have come of age in an increasingly technological and materialistic bureaucratic society. As a consequence, they are emotionally scarred and alienated, reject conformity and search for some kind of meaning to life. When asked about this label, Coupland stated that he spoke â€Å"...for myself, not for a generation. I never have†, arguing that he addresses issues relevant to himself and his peer group who grew up in Vancouver (Hall, Sharon K. â€Å"Douglas Coupland† Contemporary Literary Criticism, Vol. 39, 29). The subsequent success of Generation X both in America and Europe, indicate that the experiences Coupland records are global, appealing to a wide audience who share his fears and expectations. While the debate about the lack of a distinctive Canadian voice continues, the critical reaction to Generation X illustrates the problems inherent within Canadian literature. Coupland wrote the novel in America, and it was here rather than his native country that it was actually published. In â€Å"Malaise of the Mall-Raised†, Brian Fawcett details the reasons for Coupland’s initial lack of success in Canada, indicating that it was the book buying public rather than the literary establishment who put Coupland on the literary map: ...the book couldn’t find a Canadian publisher, that the Globe and Mail didn’t review Generation X, or that Books in Canada...rejected [it] for having an attitude problem (Fawcett, Brian. â€Å"Malaise of the Mall-Raised† Books in Canada, Vol. 21, 44-6). Typical of this critical reaction, Laurel Boone in a Books in Canada review of Generation X, is scathing towards the novel which she describes as â€Å"shallow†, and for the fact that its Canadian characters do not translate the French phrases they use (Boone, Laurel. â€Å"Review of Generation X.† Books in Canada. Vol. 20, 50-1). Boone also faults Coupland’s use of cartoons, definitions and slogans within the work. One of these pop art cartoons shows a young man reading a real estate magazine and telling his father: â€Å"Hey, Dad, - You can either have a house or a life I’m having a life.† In contrast to Boone’s opinion, it was the actual format of the novel as well as the content which appealed to the reading public. The reason Coupland was overlooked may be due to the fact that his novel was viewed as the antithesis of conventional Canadian writing.

You Don’t Know Jack: An Analysis

Euthanasia has been a debatable issue since one's perception of this idea could depend on different factors such as religion, culture, and even personal life experiences. DRP. Jack Savoring witnessed how his mother suffered in agony with her disease, describing the pain as a toothache In all your bones. Just Imagine how painful that is. At that time, he cannot do anything to alleviate the pain his mother is going through. He felt lost. That's how he felt responsible in aiding those people who are terminally ill.For him, it's not about killing someone. It's understanding that Hess patients have gone through a lot, and listening to their wish to end the pain rather than continue living but you're actually dying. Another point Is that he's doing it free of charge. He used his own resources to â€Å"help† his patients. There is no personal gain to him, but it is rather an act of service. It may not be acceptable to many but he was doing It from the standpoint of a medical person, of a son who understood what It's Like for someone to live fighting off a disease.II. â€Å"Oh, the lingering of death. What a business. Keep death alive. Hospitals don't make money otherwise. Drug companies either. If you're rich and you have the money, you can pay to die. But the poor, they can only afford to suck It out and suffer. † This quote from the movie truthfully states that the medical industry is also a business. Most people are in it to save lives or improve health. But there are others who see it as a moneymaking opportunity. To be honest, hospitals and drug companies don't make money when no one Is sick.These businesses â€Å"keep death alive†. A patient may still be alive but only because he/she Is still In the process of fighting off death. But the reality is that this person is actually dying compared to cost of us (since all of us are in one way or another living and dying at the same time). Rich people can afford the operation, treatment, hospitaliz ing bills, and drugs so their way of dying bearable compared to those who can't. Ill. â€Å"To each person, their own way of death – with dignity. † At this age, I now look at suicide as something sad and depressing.We now know for a fact that some people commit suicide because of psychological depression thinking that this Is the only way out. We feel sad for them, and think on how could the people around them possibly changed their decision. I remember years back when we hear of someone omitting suicide, one of the many things that pop out of our heads is the question â€Å"Why? ‘ Followed by a questioning thought If this person will still go to heaven because he/she lived a good life, or if he/she will go to hell because to be straight forward, it's murder of one's self.Euthanasia gives the patient liberty to decide for his/her own life. We can try, but the truth is, none of us can fully comprehend someone else's thoughts. We will never understand how a perso n feels, or how much pain they're going through so who are we to Judge? 1 OFF to use abundantly together with the freedom to decide on what to do it. It is human to choose pleasure, enjoyment, and happiness. But sometimes, life will not offer these choices. There will be pain, suffering and sadness.The movie mentioned a religious dogma that makes euthanasia unethical: â€Å"God almighty who wills us to suffer† This teaching goes against the objective of euthanasia to relive the patient pain and suffering making it morally wrong. On the contrary, God gave us the freedom to decide. It is in dying that we can union with him. The belief is that we should always let nature take it's own course V. Crime vs.. Civil Rights: â€Å"When a law is deemed immoral by you, you must disobey it. Medicine and Law are two of the most influential and powerful disciplines in the world.It is studied to help serve humanity but sometimes they clash for their arguments come from diverse objectives. Civil rights is about personal liberty-? patients have the discretion to seek suicide assistance making euthanasia a result of one's personal decision and freedom to decide for his life. But the law does not make it legal to kill someone even with the patient's consent. Dying is always easier to comprehend and acceptable if it's a natural death when no other human is held responsible.

Judith Beveridge poems

Poetry offers a new way to look at familiar situations. Judith Beverage does this in three of poems. â€Å"The Domesticity of giraffes†, â€Å"Fox In a tree stump† and â€Å"The Two Brothers†. Through the use of repetition and personification she Incorporates her feelings about cruelty towards animals and humans. She uses these techniques in all three of her poems. Poetry shows the reader a new way to look at familiar situations and in her poem â€Å"The Domesticity of Giraffes† she uses repetition to show the cruelty towards the Giraffe.This creates a feeling of annoyance towards the zoo as the reader wants the Giraffe to be free. She repeats the phrase â€Å"licks the salt† which is what the Giraffe Is doing constantly shows how the Giraffe Is self-harming because Its mouth gets drier and drier, this shows how boarded the Giraffe Is. Beverage shows this torture through repetition in all of her poems which familiarizes the reader with her message t hat animal cruelty is wrong. In Beverage's other poem â€Å"The Fox in the Tree Stump† she also uses repetition to sow animal cruelty throughout.This gives us an insight towards her feelings about animal cruelty. The use of the word â€Å"shot† is constantly repeated while there Is no gun being fired it implies something is being damaged or hit. The â€Å"shot† Is what the girl Is Imagining while she Is hitting the fox. This Is done to part herself from the killing, making It sound Like someone else Is shooting it for her. Beverage shows the cruelty towards animals once again throughout â€Å"the Fox in a Tree Stump† by repeating the violent and abrupt word â€Å"shot†.In Beverage's third poem the situation of cruelty is present but it is not towards an animal but towards a girl. She again uses repetition to how the reader that It Is not only happening once but multiple times. â€Å"The Two Brothers† torture and kill animals while the girl I s caring In the fact that she tries to save even the snails from the torturous ways of â€Å"The Brothers† The repetition of the words â€Å"those boys† and â€Å"the brothers† shows that the girls is trying to alienate herself from the senseless torturing of or animals.The repetition is used to make the reader fell empathy towards the girl as she is faced with an impossible situation. Save the bugs and get tormented by the brothers or let the innocent creatures get killed. Beverage shocks the audience to make her message seem more serious that cruelty towards animals should not be happening which Is familiar through all three of her poems. Beverage uses the poetic technique of personification throughout her poems to give the animals human qualities which make the reader feel sympathy towards them.She goes this in her poems â€Å"the Domesticity of Giraffes†, â€Å"Fox in a Tree Stump† and â€Å"The Two Brothers†. This is familiarized by the reader. Beverage personifies the Giraffe as a beautiful flower surrounded by concrete. This symbolizes the Giraffe in captivity as something beautiful that doesn't belong where It Is. Beverage familiarizes the reader with the use of personification to express her feelings of animal cruelty. Throughout her second poem â€Å"The Fox in the Tree Stump†, Beverage uses the technique of personification to express her feelings about animal cruelty.This is done by personifying the fox to make it harder for the girl to kill it. The quote â€Å"the fox stood coughing† represents the fox suffering from when the girl smoked It out of Its Beverage is trying to get across to the audience. This theme of animal cruelty is familiarized through personification in Beverage's first and second poem. In the poem â€Å"The Two Brothers† the theme of animal cruelty is shown through the poetic technique of personification which is familiar in three of Beverage's poems.The use f personi fication gives a deeper understanding of animal cruelty by giving the animals human qualities. The quote â€Å"the snails never needed more than a single leaf to paint† personifies the snail as an artist as it eats the leaves of the flower. This is used to make Beverage's message clearer about how animals should be left alone and not tortured. In Beverage's poems she familiarizes the themes of animal cruelty and uses the same poetic techniques to display the theme. Even though her poems are the about different events the massage does not change. â€Å"Animal cruelty is wrong†.

American Imperialism

During the Cold War, the world in general was a maniacal, paranoia-driven place to live in. Feelings of nationalism and inter-cultural isolation/conformity created rifts filled with fear between opposing nations, especially the two superpowers. The United States, as the juxtaposition to Soviet communists, sought to identify communism as a social evil, and a suppressor of both happiness and liberty.The resulting mentality following the period of global animosity triggered numerous instances of economic/cultural collapse, simply because the United States refused to acknowledge communism as an acceptable alternative to a democratic, capitalist society. In truth, the actions practiced by the United States are essentially reprehensible. Just to eliminate traces of the misconception that capitalism is the solution to world-suffering, one must recall the situation in Chile during the Cold War.When Augusto Pinochet came to power in 1973, a startling statistic is that the unemployment rate wa s an enviable, by today’s standards, 4. 3%. However, in 1983, after ten years of free-market modernization, unemployment reached 22%. Real wages declined by 40% under military rule. This reality solidifies the fact that although not a necessarily democratic government, the free-market/capitalist Chilean government, severely exacerbated the issue of poverty in Chile.Capitalism, a system consistent with democracy, failed. Miserably. The first point is that the United States’ concerns for the economic well-being of other countries was misplaced, believing that the only way is the American way. As a world power drunk with international influence, the United States forced its policies on nations that were doing well without being â€Å"saved†.

Of Mice and Men Characters Essay

At the beginning both George & Lennie met at the rench near the river,close to the hill sides. The relationship between George & Lennie is that they are close friends.Acctualy George had promised Lennie’s Aunt Clara that he will take care of Lennie, as she laid on the bed of death. â€Å"Some body’d shoot you for a coyote if you was by yourself. No you stay with me, your Aunt Clara wouldn’t like it if you were Running off by your self, even if she’s dead.† Although Lennei is mch stronger,taller & muscular than Goerge, he still seems to depend on George. He forgets everything, he can’t cook, he’s got immature adult hood behaviour, he can’t deal with day-to-day life. Where as George happens to be the leader. He cooks for him, takes care of him, & there relationship between them seems to be like father & son. H e does at times get angry & frustrated with him due to his behaviour or the attitude toward him having to forget everything. George & Lennie both carry a dream along themselves, which the want to fulfil, of having a place of there own, â€Å"With us it ain’t like that new got a future. We got somebody to talk to that gives a damn about us. We don’t have to sit in no bar-room, blowin’in our jack jack jus because we got no place else to go. If them other guys get in jail then can rot for all anyone gives a damn. But not us.† However Lennie always seem to have a frustrated attitude, â€Å"But not us ! An’ why because †¦because I got you to look after me, & you got me to look after you, & that’s why.† â€Å"Some day where gonna get the jack together & where gonna have a little house & a couple of cows & some pigs.† In this case Lennie had kept control of the money, as he told every thing to Lennie to do, & that this money would help them in buying a place of there own. As the third person helps them so that he could also move out without the others knowing about it. As they had prepared there dream to come true, but as always Lennie had spoilt everything due to his immature attitude. At this stage of agreement with old man, Curley’s wife walks in asking for trouble as usual, well that’s what George thought. After there conversation over there secrete, Lennie fell a sleep on the bunk dreaming, mean while Curley walks in asking George & the bold man if they had seen his wife. During this they end up in a slight argument. As Curley gets furious at the telling of the people, telling him to keep his damn wife a home. On the other hand as Lennie is dreaming, he was smiling & delighted at the memory of ranch. At this stage Curley glaed at him, as he slipped his eyes off the past & lighted on Lennie, as he had become the centre of attraction. At this stage he stepeed towards lennie, as he was half asleep, & replied unknowingly & confusingly â€Å"Huh†?Due to him being so deniable Curley exploded with range. † Come on you big bastard-get up on your feet. No big son-of-a-bitch, is gonna laugh at me. I’ll show ya who’s yella?† Curley’s anger made Lennie look helplessly at George, & at this stage Lennie gets up & tries to retreat Curley, but Curley was balanced & poised . Right now he slashed a thump at Lennie withhis left, & then hit him under his nose. During the pain Lennie felt he cried for George’s help. But unfotanly the beating was at limited for Lennie & was in anger,despite having George stood on his feet yelling above all, to Lennie, telling him to get him (revenge). â€Å"Get him Lennie† Although Lennie was much stronger & muscular than Curley, â€Å"Don’t let him do it† Pain was getting to Lennie & the others in the room. At this stage Lennie covered his face with his huge pones (hand) & felt the beat ness of terror within himself, as then beating, as he again cried for George’s help & the others to make him stop. Then again Curley had attacked him in the stomach & blow of his wind. The scene now was painful & thew feeling of careless struk every one, especially Slim as he stud to his feet to betray Curley. â€Å"The dirty little rat; he cried, I’ll get’ un my self† But George atn this stage grabbed Slim by holding out his hand,asking him to wait, as knew Lennie would get Curley back. He new it was at limited for Lennie & the support of them in the room defiantly want revenge from Curley. † Wait a minute† (George said to him) † Get him Lnnie† The single voice of George Struck Lennie, as he took his hand away ftrom his face & looked around for George. At this point Curley took the advantage of him having to take his hand off his face & slashed him again in his eyes. Lennie’s face was covered with blood & George was again yelling/persuading Lennie to hit him. Again Curley’s fist was snagging when Lennie reached for it fist & seconds layer Curley was flopping all over the place like a fish would. Curley’s closed fist was now lost in Lennie’s big hand, revealing his anger in agony, as this time George ran down the room yelling at him to let go of him, but Lennie did not let go, & slapped him across the face repeatingly, but still he didn’t let go. However Curley was slushing as he fell white in his face & started to shrink,as he became weak.Howeever at last he did let go, as he crouched against the wall. â€Å"you told me to, George† At this stage Slim regarded Lennie with terror, as he statedy then they better get Curley to the doctor, as soon as possible, as they thought that he could be worse than what it look, but he also mentioned to Curley & the other surrounded strictly that his hand got stuck in the machine, if any one hade to ask then Lennies name should nit be mentioned strickly or trouble would occur. ( George said)†Slim, we get canned now? We need the stake. Will Curley’s old man cane us now? (Slim said to Curley)†you got your senses in hand enough to listen? â€Å"I think you got your han’ caught in a machine.† â€Å"If you don’t tell nobody what happened, we aren’t going to. But you jus tell an’try to get this canned & we’ll tell ever’body,an the will you get the laugh.† After this obviously George & Lennie had to stay well clear from cur ley’s wife, especially Lennie in eve at the time,& was specially warned from George, that she’ll cause trouble & that Lennie was in the bad books ofCurley & was better to stay out of his way. The old man was talking to creok ojn his bunk as Lennie arrived, & both Lennie & the old man started telling there story of them 3, haqving there place of there own,with Lennie’s rabbits & other animals/habitats. Again Creok offered to put fowar some money, but as George walked in the room & having a suspicious shocking look on his face as he saw Lennie sitting there. The old man mentioned the thought offered by Creok, but the shock & discomfort of privacy shrook him as he apologised to them all but this place was supposed to be a secrete & a place of there own & no one was to know in case of trouble. During the conversation Curley’s wife had walked in the room & interruptedly every one was shocked to her there especially if she had geard everything then trouble was to come, also her distance close to us would let her know what accually had happened to Curley that night. However later on in the argument with her & the others in the room she accually found out that it was Lennie who hert his hand & not the silly excuse of the machine.As Curley’s wife tried to get on Lennie,George tried to hold Lennie away from her, & tried to get Curley’s wife out of the room as Curley & his old man walked in the room,& suddenly intruptted the argument.

Magnificent play Essay

Language is extremely powerful in ‘The Crucible’. Miller’s words are used effectively and do not include anything unnecessary to convey the idea. For instance, ‘She thinks to dance with me on my wife’s grave. And well she might, for I thought of her softly. God help me, I lusted, and there is a promise in such sweat. But it is a whore’s vengeance and you must see it, I set myself entirely in your hands. ‘ This quote consists of simple speech and tells a straightforward message. Proctor knows his mistake and regrets it, but he also knows he must reveal it to the court in order to stop the trials. Another example of a powerful quote is ‘A person is either with this court or he must be counted against it, there be no road between. ‘ This quote is very effective in a way Danforth is telling everyone their fate. He is saying those against the court are evil and will suffer the consequences for it, presumably death. he tells everyone in favour of the witch trials that they are victorious and have nothing to worry about if they carry on as they are doing. The theme of this play I believe is a very interesting one. In my opinion ‘The Crucible’ is about rising over adversity, standing for the truth even to the death. there are many examples in the play to support my opinion. John in the beginning wanted to keep distant from the trials, he didn’t want to have a part whether good or bad, but when Elizabeth was arrested he was forced to take part. Throughout the trial, he stood for the truth. He confessed to his affair and was forgiven for his sin. He died a hero learning what truth really meant through his sufferings and struggles. there is also a great deal of hysteria in this play. The village’s people were easily manipulated by Abigail’s lies and came to quick poorly judged conclusions, which lead to killing a great many innocent people. Act 3 is very strong most of the main things are revealed such as the court’s verdict, who is right and who is wrong, who will win and who will die. It is an extremely gripping part of the play, telling how Proctor was so close to victory (through his confession and Mary Warren) yet he still defeated by the envy of Abigail, or rather the loyalty of Elizabeth and the fearful Mary warren. He knows he will die but he also knows he has a chance of stopping this fate yet because of his decency Proctor decides he would rather face death than bring trouble upon his friends and everlasting shame upon his family. I also noticed that in act 3 the three main sides are shown clearly. The power hungry stand together, those full of jealousy, greed, hate and lust join and those who are willing to sacrifice themselves for the truth unite. The people in this play may have had different motives for accusing other people, and practically sentencing them to death, but the outcome of all accusations was more or less the same. Innocent people died and there was more than one person to lay the blame on. In almost every conflict, there is someone or some people to hold responsible. In this case, it was Abigail for her manipulative nature, the Putnam’s for their greed, Mary Warren for being weak-willed and Rev. Parris for craving power. It makes one wonder how such a diminutive act of young girls could lead to such destruction of a community. How could innocent people be sentenced to death simply because some girls were playing and dancing? This is the power of religion and the annihilation it can cause if people refuse to tolerate any other explanation and follow it blindly. ‘The Crucible’ is a magnificent play, superbly written conveying one simple message. It is better stand for the truth and sacrifice yourself than to live with a lie. It reminds us that man is not perfect, and that we can make mistakes. However, even with these mistakes, we can cleanse ourselves and purify ourselves by making what is wrong right.