Poaching in Zimbabwea, causes and attempts to stop sense the 1990s Essay

Poaching in Zimbabwea, causes and attempts to stop sense the 1990s - Essay Example About 1000 rhinos were killed in South Africa in 2013 alone (The Citizen1). Poaching in Zimbabwe has become a great challenge to the Zimbabwean government due to the high demand of rhino and elephant horns in Asia the Greatest market being China. In Asia, the rhino horns are greatly respected and taken as a status symbol and have medicinal value (The Citizen1). The cases of poaching have dropped in Zimbabwe in recent years because the conservation authorities in Zimbabwe have adopted stern measures including conviction and jail terms for poachers. Additionally, they have also taken steps to track the animals via satellite and relocated the animals to safer sanctuaries. Poachers use various tactics to kill the animals like poisoning and shooting. According to the wildlife conservation of Zimbabwe, more than 300 elephants were poisoned using cyanide in 2013 alone. Zimbabwe has a major poaching problem caused by the outside influence of China and that of neighboring African countries. H owever, there have been efforts made by the Zimbabwean government and other organizations, like the United Nations, to stop poaching. Furthermore, due to the increasing wealth in Asian countries China Inclusive, the demand for rhino horns and ivory has gone up. This is because these goods are the status symbol of wealth, and there is a ready market by African buyers who serve as dealers to Asia. Due to the increased demand of Ivory in Asia, poaching in Africa increased in 2011 and 2013 (Hsdl.org 1). Research has shown some rogues terrorists collude with government officials in Zimbabwe to execute poaching. Consequently, ivory smuggling in Zimbabwe is executed by high confidence traffickers who use sophisticated networks to move ivory from local areas to ports of exit accelerated by corruption of the border insecurity. In Zimbabwe, these networks are related with illegitimate weapons

Milton Babbitt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Milton Babbitt - Essay Example Such a composer creates a commodity that has negative market value and is little performed. A condition of musical and societal isolation is created which gives the composer an advantageous position to forward his music. It also results in the creation of new music. The music employs a tonal quality that is more efficient than its derivatives. The increase of meaningful pitch materials and the functions associated with the musical event would be multiplied. Each event is located in a five dimensional musical space that is determined by pitch-class, register, dynamic, duration and timbre. Musical compositions under discussion possess a high degree of contextuality and autonomy. The principles of relatedness which determines the coherence of continuity are more likely to evolve in the course of the work rather than from generalized assumptions. In many fundamental respects this music is â€Å"new†. It represents a vast extension of the methods of other music. Such rooted composition elicits comparable knowledge and experience from the listener. A listener will be puzzled and bored by such a composition. This is understandable but what is undesirable is the translation of this boredom into resentment. Advanced music reflects the knowledge and originality of the composer. It can scarcely be expected to appear intelligible to a person whose musical knowledge is less than extensive. A person with limited knowledge of music is not capable of understanding advanced music just as a layman is not equipped to make sense out of advanced mathematical theories. Circularity seems to be the norm where criticism is concerned and personal tastes are converted based on general principles. For most critics, the music they dislike is â€Å"not music† and if they do not like the music of certain composers, then they are â€Å"not composers.† Therefore passing judgment or criticism on music is best left to professional journals. The music critic understands that

Comparison of Little Red Riding Hood from Different Countries Essay Example for Free

Comparison of Little Red Riding Hood from Different Countries Essay Every so often, there comes a story so popular that it survives many decades and is common in many cultures. Growing up here in America, I was always told the story of Little Red Riding Hood. Because of the way American structure is set up, the story in this culture teaches the people told the story a lesson as well as has a happy ending. The American story of â€Å"Little Red Riding Hood† isn’t the only version of this story. As previously mentioned, there are stories that survive many decades and last through many cultures; this is one of them. However, they all have different names. There are also: Little Red Cap, Little Red Hood, The Grandmother, The True History of Little Golden Hood, Grandmother’s Nose, and Little Red Hat. These stories come from many different areas such as Germany, Poland, Italy, Austria, and France, and they have many different authors. There are two things that do stay the same throughout every retelling of this story, the characters and idea. There is always a little girl, her grandmother, her mother, and the wolf. Additionally, in every retelling, it involves the little girl having to go to her grandmother’s house to deliver something to her. However, the actions taken by the characters and their personalities change in every telling of the story. Although every version of Little Red Riding Hood has a similar idea, the characterization and moral of the story alters based upon what time period and location it was written in because of the influences of the country of origin’s stereotypes, ideals, and events.

The Importance Of Water In Islam Theology Religion Essay

The Importance Of Water In Islam Theology Religion Essay In Malaysia, after Pakatan Rakyat party successfully conquering Selangor state from Barisan Nasional party since 2008, they have launched a lot of initiative welfares for Selangor residents. On 13 March 2008, Selangor State Government has announced the implementation of Merakyatkan Ekonomi Selangor (MES) agenda to improve living standard of Selangor residents. There are 14 agendas included in MES and one of them is free water provision for the first 20 cubic meters water domestic consumers who using individual meters in Selangor starting from June 2008. Selangor State Government offers first 20 cubic meters water which equivalent to 20,000 liters or 5.680 gallons per month for free. This benefit is for all Selangor people regardless of their economy status, race or political affiliation. Other than that, the main objective of this welfare is to reduce the burden life especially for low-income groups as a result cost of living and the inflation rates are continue to increase. At the same time, it is of the holistic and integrated components to restructuring water management in order to provide more efficient and effective service. Through this program, Selangor State Government bear the average cost of rebate RM 11.00 per month for each user. Then, the record payment by the Selangor State Government is stated in bill received by each user from SYABAS (Selangor Water Supply Company). Besides that, 20 cubic meters of free water supply is only eligible for domestic consumers who use individual meters. For domestic users who use bulk meters in condominiums and apartments, they need to change to individual meters to enjoy this free water. Change of bulk meters to individual meters is subject to the conditions set by SYABAS. As the result, currently more than one million people who use individual meters enjoy it especially low cost apartment dwellers. Until July 2012, over RM 6 million was spent on free water to residents of low-cost apartments through Safwa Scheme (Free Water Rebate Scheme). According to Housing and Property Selangor Board (LPHS) report, 92% or 58, 049 units already received. While the remaining 8% or 6, 666 units failed to implement the rebate claim due to labor shortages in Joint Management Body (JMB). This positive action shows the governments responsibility toward public welfare. In Islam, this is a good example because the leader should take care of their people. However, some consider this program involves high costs and will affect the allocation of funds provided by the Government of Malaysia to Selangor state. In Islam, the leader should manage the public properties to avoid waste for not so important activities. Therefore, a comprehensive study and analysis are needed to ensure that the program is consistent with Islamic law. 2. WATER ACCESIBILITY ANALYSIS 2.1 THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER IN ISLAM Historically, all ancient civilizations in the world began in area that has water resources such as river or seashore. For instance, Mesopotamia civilization began at Euphrates and Tigris River, China civilization began at Huang He River and India civilization began at Indus River. This fact shows that they are really rely on water in their daily life. Water from the river is used to irrigate agricultural areas, cooking, bathing and others. Based on Al-Mujam Al-Mufahras book, water or al-ma in Arabic was mentioned 63 times in the Al-Quran. According to Naser I. Faruqui, water is very importance in Islam. It is a blessing from Allah that gives and sustains life, and purifies humankind and the earth. It is based on Allah words in verse 65 of Surah Al-Nahl: And Allah sends down water from above, and therewith gives life to the earth after its death. Surely there is a sign in this for a people who listen. Besides that, Allah said all beings is made from water. According to the research, the earth is covered with 3/4 water and the human body contained of 3/4 water. In verse 30 of Surah Al-Anbiya: Do not those who disbelieve see that the heavens and the earth were closed up, so We rent them. And We made from water everything living. Will they not then believe?. Due to water is very important resource for every people regardless rich or poor, Islam declared that everyone has the right to a fair share of water consumption. This claim is emphasized by the hadith reported by Abu Dawud that Rasulullah said Muslims have common share in three things: grass (pasture), water and fire (fuel). In addition, the Prophet forbids Muslims hoarding the excess water and he is obliged to allow others to use it. The Prophet stated: Among the three people Allah will ignore on the Day of Resurrection are a man who possessed superfluous water on a way and he withheld it from the travellers. This hadith was narrated by Al-Bukhari. https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcR8g4Uk3P9ItU0f-ejiXhXQbYkshXwyH6OQ1Ic463fu1Fuk030Chttps://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSsOS628HbJuBc5CBTS7_dg-mbQo9POI1BgyGI90Ns8hB9hHBFF Tigris-Euphrates River in Egypt and Huang He River in China use for irrigation 2.2 TYPES OF WATER IN ISLAM In Islam, water is essential for the Muslims to purify themselves such as perform ablution (wudhu) before the prayer and perform obligatory bath (ghusl) after having sexual intercourse. One of the conditions, these actions is necessary to use pure water to make it valid. Thus, the absence of clean water will make it difficult for Muslims to manage their daily life and to worship to Allah SWT. In reality, there are different types of water in this world and not all water is suitable for human. Basically, the water covers around 70% of the earth and it is very exposed to other elements that can change its original condition. Thus, this requires human wisdom to determine whether the water can be used or not. In Fiqh Taharah or Islamic Hygienically Jurisprudence, Islam has divided water into three main parts which pure water and can purify other things (tahur), pure water but cant purify other things (tahir), and water containing dirt which not pure and cant purify other things (mutanajj is). First major category is pure water and can purify other things (tahur). This water can be divided deeper into mutlaq water and musyammas water. For mutlaq water, it remains with the original nature of its occurrence have been made by Allah. It is water that has not been mixed with dirt, water reservoir that is more than two tanks no longer used and not mixed with other substances. In addition, the water is still mutlaq water even thought it has changed due to abandoned for long period in soil, moss and stagnant areas. In addition, if the water continuously flowing but contain sulfur it still categorized as mutlaq water. This is due to water is in liquid condition and difficult to differentiate it. For two tanks measurement, the length and the width is 60 centimeter or 22.5 inches respectively with depth 62.5centimeter or 25 inches. If the two tanks measurement is converted into the weight measurement, it equals to 174 liters or 190 kilogram or 11 kerosene cans. Besides that, there are eight types of water including in the mutlaq water which are river water, well water, rain water, dew water, sea water, snow water, spring water and tap water. The Prophet Muhammad also ordered to use mutlaq water to clean the dirt. This evidence is based on Abu Hurairah narration: a Bedouin stood up and peed in the mosque, so his friends prevent it. Upon this Rasulullah said, leave him and pour a container of water over the urine. Indeed, you are asked to facilitate not troublesome. Then, according to Sheikh Abu Abdullah Husayn Nasir bin Muhammad Taib in his As-Subyan Hidayatul book :Not valid the purification unless water come from common qaid such as sugar cane, sugar, soap and such, and water from the sky such as rain and dew or water coming out of the earth such as sea water, river water and well water. On the other hand, musyammas water is quite different compare to mutlaq water. In Al-Badrain Matla book written by Sheikh Abdul Al-Fatani Faqir Muhammad Bin Ismail Daud Al-Fatani stated: Musyammas water is also pure water and can purify other things but abominable (makruh) to use it on the body. It afraid contributes to hairpiece disease when people used it. The position is permanent in a container and heated by sunlight in hot climate states. This matter very seriously considered by Rasulullah as in a story narrated by Baihaqi: From Saiditina Aishah indeed she is heating the water under sunlight, and Rasuluhlah SAW had said to her: do not do that O Aishah because the water can cause hairpiece disease. Literally, makruh means dislike, blamed and displeasing. It refers to leave anything not demanded by Allah but not prohibited to do it. Acts which are makruh are definitely discouraged but the evidence to prove they are forbidden is less strong. Thus, the commission of makruh acts is n ot blamed but its omission is preferable. Second major category is pure water but cant purify other things (tahir). This water can be divided more into mustamal water and muqayyad water. For mustamal water, the water is able to drink but not applicable for cleansing. According to Ibn Akhil in his book entitled Al-Mutaalim Zadul: Mustamal water is less than two tank that has been used for impurities such as has been used in ablution and bath or water that has been used in remove the dirt. After that, it is not valid to purify other things. Besides that, water from trees, fruits and roots also considered as mustamal water. Then, all water can change by two ways which are changing by taqdiri and changing by hissi. Changing by taqdiri means the water only change on taqdir (stipulation) and the changes cant be seen. So, mustamal water is under changing by taqdiri However, changing by hissi means the changes that can be seen. Mutlaq water is under changing by hissi. In addition, Syeikh Faqih Dr. Wahbah Al-Zuhaili argued that the a mount of water also affect water quality. For example is mustamal water become mutlaq water if the quantity more than 2 tank or 270 liter. https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjyzcufhKmj_kAZueXomiRvgTkHf8uews0RN2HFs2JhFCD0sdayl5OCj0uth_F_wgVSmkaZ1A0SGxSowXkQgvfKLdNoLtBJ_1oxNfT0rCyQ01VF6M6AX1LcImRBtRqirrt9nGE9BwdO1sM/s1600/embun.jpg http://4.bp.blogspot.com/-nnUqsIEWWw4/UEkvF_5_9PI/AAAAAAAABkU/_9k9GRFtIFw/s1600/Sungai+Kehidupan.jpg https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiRigfI_jEWz4j8baUsv_4D87oXyEujIMo9RP2l2pRa34CQo1mU5kCQCljgYGxyh2yCroGz0PWc_t2q8ZMDelEgd1eQFaybIRwN0y1tfQdObRGlE8cbhJliLBnDb2gfggRQrhPDXybB7xk/s1600/Salji+memutih.jpg Dew water, river water and snow water are some sources that can be used for mutlaq water Next, water is mixed by two ways. First way is through mujawir. This means the water changes because there is something that can be separated from the water. For example, a person put a stick in a pail to stir the water in the pail. Then, the stick can be pulled out from the pail. Then the water is still regarded as pure water. Second way is through mukhalit. This means the water changes because there is something that unable separated from the water. For instance, a person put the fruit flavor in a pail of water. It is impossible to separate fruit flavor and water to their original condition. Then the water no longer exists as pure water as has changes to mustamal water. In contrast, muqayyad water is water that is mixed with something pure that changing one of the characteristics. For instance are coffee water, sugarcane juice and soap. In Islamic view, parameters for water quality are based on the chemical and physical characteristics of smell, taste, color and temperature. Then, qayyad on water is divided into qayyad lazim and qayyad musfaq. For qayyad lazim, it means substances attached together until it absolutely different from pure water such as coffee and honey. Although pure, it still cant be used for purification because already mixed with variations of water. However, for qayyad musfaq, it means substances detached among each other and not affect pure water such as rain water and well water. Thus, the water is still cited as pure water. Third major category is water containing dirt which not pure and cant purify other things (mutanajjis). There are three main conditions regarding to mutanajjis water which unable for purification. First condition is water containing less than two tanks even though the water does not change color, smell and taste. Second condition is water containing more than two tanks but has changes color, odor and taste due to the dirt. Third condition is water is mixing with clean substances but has the color, smell and taste. In terms of language, dirt is defined as dirty things such as blood, urine and feces. In terms of syara, dirt is defined as all the impurities that prevent validity for pray. There are three types of dirt according to their hierarchy and all the dirt must be purified using mutlaq or pure water. The lightest dirt is mukhaffafah. It is the urine of baby boy who only eat breast milk and less than two years old. The cleansing methods are by wash and wipe the urine before sprinkle the pure water on the place. The moderate dirt is mutawasittah. It is including blood, pus, vomit, saliva, alcohol and others. The cleansing methods are washing until lost any nature color, smell and taste before cleanse by pure water. The heaviest dirt is mughallazah. It is the dirt relate to dog and pig. The cleansing methods are by wash once by soil water. Then, continue washing by using pure water for six times until loss any nature color, smell and taste. If still not gone, repeat the washing method. 2.3 THE WATER MANAGEMENT IN MUSLIM COUNTRIES In December 1998, the Workshop on Water Resources Management in the Islamic World was held in Amman, Jordan. One of the discussions is implementation approaches for water demand management (WDM) within the context of Islam. The approaches are water conservation and wastewater reuse. In water conservation approach, they argued supply of water is fixed. Thus, water management is needed to ensure the amount water supply is enough with the amount of water used. This opinion can be approved in verse 18 of Surah Al-Mukminun: And We send down water from the sky according to certain measure, and We cause it to soak in the soil; and We certainly are able to drain it off (with ease). Human can use water in moderate way and not consume beyond the limit. If extravagant exist, Allah has right to take back His blessings. The Prophet also taught human to consume efficiently. According to Al-Bukhari: The Prophet Mohammad used to perform ablution with one mudd of water [equal to 2/3 litres] and used to take a bath with one sa up to five mudds [equal to 2-3 1/2 litres]. Currently, this water conservation approach shows positive impact when the World Health Organization (WHO) launched a health education program through mosques. The program included training imams on proper health practices, water conservation, water saving, proper sanitation and hygiene in the prevention of diseases. In addition, the imams then gave sermons about water conservation during the congregational Friday prayer. For wastewater reuse approach, they argued water should not be wasted. Thus, water should be used for beneficial purposes and use it in effective and efficient way. In verse 31 of Surah Al-Araf: O Children of Adam! wear your beautiful apparel at every time and place of prayer: eat and drink: But waste not by excess, for Allah loveth not the wasters. From this verse, Allah hate people who are wasteful in eat and drink. Normally, individual drinking water every day in their life because thirsty. However, if some people deliberately waste the water, others people might not able to drink sufficient of water. Reusing wastewater is an essential component of a demand management strategy because it conserves freshwater for the highest-value uses. In 1978, the Council of Leading Islamic Scholars (CLIS) in Saudi Arabia concluded in a special fatwa in 1978 that treated wastewater can be used even for ablution and drinking as soon as absence of health risk. This fatwa was concluded based on detailed study by scientists and engineers toward waste water condition and its short-term and long-term effects toward human health. https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcSoqOSAOx-jkOGFXzuoHnGRRLp9YxRrEyJ9h43NZnWLDLZpKPlMBAhttps://encrypted-tbn1.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcQSzWez8vfEZ2s1lOiiy2JAJYwffJC_oiFVrqNqQe0W-P0qUZfRJw Saudi Arabia Wastewater Treatment Plant at Riyadh and Al Hail Both water conservation approach and wastewater reuse approach was introduced before are classified as non-economic approach. However, in a book entitled Water Management in Islam, one economic approach which called family planning was added. Basically, family planning not directly reducing the average water consumption. However, it helps for further reductions in overall availability of water per capita. By family planning, the government can predict future reduction of water consumption as size of members per family smaller. When future result is known, it facilitates the government to provide systematic long-term planning in order to overcome future problems. However, the problem is family planning or contraception is new in Islam. During Prophet Muhammad era, most Muslims have big family members because it didnt have birth control regulations. Therefore, based on this situation, a few Islamic scholars believe that birth control is not allowable in Islam. Still, some others scholar said it is no strong evidence in Islam to support a ban on family planning. Moreover, they contend although the religion encourages having children, it is not obligatory. Finally, the contemporary jurists agreed that family planning is allowable in Islam with a few conditions must be followed. First, it is only permissible for married couple man and woman. Second, it should have the mutual consent of the couple and thirdly, the chosen method must truly controllable. As conclusion, three approaches stated before will provide some alternatives for Islamic countries to choose the possible method for their water management. The holistic assessment should be implemented according to advantages and disadvantages of each approach. For water conservation, the advantage it is not very large cost but the disadvantage may no full commitment from society. For wastewater reuse, the advantage it is able for countries which doesnt have abundant water sources but the disadvantage it covers very high cost for building plants and continuous treatment process. For family planning, the advantage it is the government able to predict future water usage but the disadvantage it will reduces number of Muslims population in that country. 3.WATER RIGHTS http://mes.selangor.gov.my/modules/content/content.php?page=air-percuma-setiap-bulan http://airkumalaysia.blogspot.com/2011/06/cara-menjimatkan-air.html http://web.idrc.ca/openebooks/924-0/#page_xx http://www.meed.com/sectors/economy/government/saudi-arabia-presses-ahead-with-a-wastewater-revolution/3007439.article http://istajib.blogspot.com/2011/04/air-dan-islam-sorotan-ringkas.html http://www.ustaznoramin.com/2011/03/pembahagian-air-dalam-islam.html http://www.ustaznoramin.com/2011/03/pembahagian-najis-dalam-islam.html http://www.al-azim.com/masjid/infoislam/ibadat/air.htm

Banana Ghost :: essays papers

Banana Ghost "My, my what a lot of work I have to do" said Mr. Billy Banana. Mr. Billy Banana certainly lived up to his name. He just simply loved bananas and ate them for every meal banana and egg sandwich for breakfast, sausages and banana crackers for lunch, fried banana for tea and curry chicken, banana porridge and vegetables for dinner. As he loved bananas, he wanted to have a job to do with bananas. "Eureka!" he cried. " I'll have a fabulous and splendid banana factory!" "Yahoo!" he yelled, sounding just like a little kid. And so, he got his job. His appearance was as nutty as his appetite. His brown hair, that somewhat looked like banana fritters, was crispy and had a tinge of yellow in it. He had a beard and a moustache that made him look like a walrus. His chestnut eyes were full of laughter and fun. He was creative and that was all what he needed in order to design new objects. He was a daring inventor, ready to try out fun things. Mr. Banana thus had a building that manufactured all kinds of banana foodstuffs. He created banana sweets that tasted delicious, different kinds of banana biscuits and best of all, he created banana sweets that when you chewed them, they changed their colour. After he made all these delicious foodstuffs, he sold them off to shopkeepers. Kids could be seen going to shops everywhere and buying these lovely banana sweets. His banana sweets were extremely famous. Not far off, there was a ghost who loved anything to do with bananas. He loved eating bananas and was always haunting places which had bananas. "Ooh! They are probably finger-licking good!" he exclaimed when he heard about Mr. Banana's foodstuffs. "I'll go there tonight." He decided after thinking for a moment. "Only I hope he doesn't freak out when he sees me. I actually try to be nice when taking people's things, you know." That night, the ghost went to Mr. Billy Banana's building. Creeping quietly, he tiptoed to where Mr. Banana slept. "BANG!" The ghost accidentally bashed himself onto Mr. Billy Banana's precious machine. Mr. Billy Banana woke up and when he saw the ghost, he yelled for help. The ghost said, "Please don't be afraid. I just would like to have some of your banana foodstuff." Brave Mr. Banana said gallantly, "If you want to have some of my foodstuff, you must promise never to steal any of my food without my permission. You must also promise to help me when I am in need of any help Banana Ghost :: essays papers Banana Ghost "My, my what a lot of work I have to do" said Mr. Billy Banana. Mr. Billy Banana certainly lived up to his name. He just simply loved bananas and ate them for every meal banana and egg sandwich for breakfast, sausages and banana crackers for lunch, fried banana for tea and curry chicken, banana porridge and vegetables for dinner. As he loved bananas, he wanted to have a job to do with bananas. "Eureka!" he cried. " I'll have a fabulous and splendid banana factory!" "Yahoo!" he yelled, sounding just like a little kid. And so, he got his job. His appearance was as nutty as his appetite. His brown hair, that somewhat looked like banana fritters, was crispy and had a tinge of yellow in it. He had a beard and a moustache that made him look like a walrus. His chestnut eyes were full of laughter and fun. He was creative and that was all what he needed in order to design new objects. He was a daring inventor, ready to try out fun things. Mr. Banana thus had a building that manufactured all kinds of banana foodstuffs. He created banana sweets that tasted delicious, different kinds of banana biscuits and best of all, he created banana sweets that when you chewed them, they changed their colour. After he made all these delicious foodstuffs, he sold them off to shopkeepers. Kids could be seen going to shops everywhere and buying these lovely banana sweets. His banana sweets were extremely famous. Not far off, there was a ghost who loved anything to do with bananas. He loved eating bananas and was always haunting places which had bananas. "Ooh! They are probably finger-licking good!" he exclaimed when he heard about Mr. Banana's foodstuffs. "I'll go there tonight." He decided after thinking for a moment. "Only I hope he doesn't freak out when he sees me. I actually try to be nice when taking people's things, you know." That night, the ghost went to Mr. Billy Banana's building. Creeping quietly, he tiptoed to where Mr. Banana slept. "BANG!" The ghost accidentally bashed himself onto Mr. Billy Banana's precious machine. Mr. Billy Banana woke up and when he saw the ghost, he yelled for help. The ghost said, "Please don't be afraid. I just would like to have some of your banana foodstuff." Brave Mr. Banana said gallantly, "If you want to have some of my foodstuff, you must promise never to steal any of my food without my permission. You must also promise to help me when I am in need of any help

Comparing Symbols and Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery :: comparison compare contrast essays

Symbolism in Young Goodman Brown and The Lottery      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The authors, Shirley Jackson and Nathaniel Hawthorne, both frequently use symbols within their stories "The Lottery" and "Young Goodman Brown."   Symbols are utilized as an enhancement tool to stress the theme of each story. Hawthorne uses names and objects to enhance the theme, and Jackson mainly utilizes names to stress the theme, although she does have one object as a symbol of great importance to the theme.   The stories both contain symbols describing evil. The majority of Hawthorne's symbols describe religion (both good and evil), but Jackson's symbols reflect the evil nature within society as a whole.   There exists symbolic acts in each story.   The short stories both share the use of symbols, but the symbols are   used to express different thoughts in ones mind while reading them.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The stories "Young Goodman Brown" and "The Lottery" both use names as symbols.   Hawthorne uses the names Young Goodman Brown and Faith to portray nice, descent people.   The name Faith alone implies a faithful and Christian individual as stated  Ã‚   "And Faith, as the wife was aptly named," (211).   Jackson uses the name Mr. Graves throughout her story, he is the coordinator of the lottery. She needs not give any explanation to the name, as it speaks for itself (a symbol of death).   Various other names are used as symbols within each story, however, these mentioned are the most significant names to the theme.   The stories each contain names, objects, and acts as important symbols.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hawthorne uses the names to stress good people, but relies heavily on objects to portray Satanism.   The object of obvious Satanism   is the staff (a cane) mentioned throughout the story.   It is clearly identified when the old traveler throws it down in the sentence "it assumed life, being one of the rods which its owner had formerly lent to the Egyptian Magi" (215).   According   to the Bible. sorcerers with magic powers change their rods into serpents.   Jackson uses the black box throughout her story as a symbol of   tradition not to be changed as stated "Every year, after the lottery, Mr. Summers began talking about a new box, but every year the subject was allowed to fade off without

Concept of data mining and warehouse

Abstraction: Data excavation can detect information hidden within valuable informations assets. Knowledge find, utilizing advanced information engineerings, can bring out venas of surprising, aureate penetrations in a mountain of factual informations. Data excavation consists of panoply of powerful tools which are intuitive, easy to explicate, apprehensible, and simple to utilize. These advanced information engineerings include unreal intelligence methods ( e.g. adept systems, fuzzed logic, etc. ) , determination trees, regulation initiation methods, familial algorithms and familial scheduling, nervous webs ( e.g. back extension, associate memories, etc. ) , and constellating techniques. The synergism created between informations warehousing and informations excavation allows cognition searchers to leverage their monolithic informations assets, therefore bettering the quality and effectivity of their determinations. The turning demands for informations excavation and real-time analys is of information will be a impulsive force in the development of new informations warehouse architectures and methods and, conversely, the development of new informations excavation methods and applications. Keywords: Computer package, Data excavation, Data structuring, Knowledge-based systemsIntroductionData excavation is concerned with detecting new, meaningful information, so that determination shapers can larn every bit much as they can from their valuable informations assets. Using advanced information engineerings, cognition find in databases, can bring out venas of surprising and aureate penetrations in a mountain of factual informations. Data repositing is a methodological analysis that combines and co-ordinates many sets of diversified informations into a incorporate and consistent organic structure of utile information. In larger organisations, many different types of users with varied demands must use the same monolithic informations warehouse to recover those pieces of information which best suit their alone demands.DATA Mining CONCEPTSData excavation can be defined as the procedure of researching and analysing big volumes of informations in order to detect interesting and co ncealed forms, regulations and relationships with informations. The intent of informations excavation is to let a corporation to better its selling, gross revenues and client support operations through better apprehension of its clients. Large corporation are utilizing informations excavation to turn up high-value clients, to heighten their merchandise offerings to increase gross revenues and to minimise losingss due to error or fraud.HOW DATA MINING WORKSData excavation is a constituent of a wider procedure called â€Å" cognition find from database † . It involves scientists and statisticians, every bit good as those working in other Fieldss such as machine acquisition, unreal intelligence, information retrieval and pattern acknowledgment. Before a information set can be mined, it foremost has to be â€Å" cleaned † . This cleansing procedure removes mistakes, ensures consistence and takes losing values into history. Next, computing machine algorithms are used to â€Å" mine † the clean informations looking for unusual forms. Finally, the forms are interpreted to bring forth new cognition. How informations excavation can help bankers in heightening their concerns is illustrated in this illustration. Records include information such as age, sex, matrimonial position, business, figure of kids, and etc. of the bank ‘s clients over the old ages are used in the excavation procedure. First, an algorithm is used to place features that distinguish clients who took out a peculiar sort of loan from those who did non. Finally, it develops â€Å" regulations † by which it can place clients who are likely to be good campaigners for such a loan. These regulations are so used to place such clients on the balance of the database. Next, another algorithm is used to screen the database into bunch or groups of people with many similar properties, with the hope that these might uncover interesting and unusual forms. Finally, the forms revealed by these bunchs are so interpreted by the information mineworkers, in coaction with bank forcesDATA WAREHOUSE CONCEPTSData repositing is a subject-oriented, integrated, historical and summarized informations in support of direction ‘s determination devising.Capable orientedIt shops subject-oriented information such as clients, merchandises and pupils instead than the application countries such as client invoicing, stock list and pupil direction.IntegratedIt is the consolidation and integrating of corporate application-oriented informations from multiple beginnings. The integrated informations beginning must be made consistent to show a incorporate position of the informations to the users.HistoricalData warehouse informations is historical. It represents snapshots overtime. Data is read merely because it is historical informations.SummarizedA information repositing system can frequently be summarized to an appropriate degree of item. A information warehouse provides information to help companies in determination devising. Companies can utilize the valuable information in a information warehouse to place tendencies. A information repositing is a procedure that can:Retrieve information from the beginning systemsTransform informations into a utile format to put into the informations warehousePull off the databaseUse tools for edifice and pull offing the information warehouseDATA Mining TOOLSOrganizations that wish to utilize informations excavation tools can buy excavation plans designed for bing package and hardware platforms, which can be integrated into new merchandises and systems as they are brought online, or they can construct their ain usage excavation solution. For case, feeding the end product of a information excavation exercising into another computing machine system, such as a nervous web, is rather common and can give the mined informations more value. This is because the informations excavation tool g athers the informations, while the 2nd plan ( e.g. , the nervous web ) makes determinations based on the information collected. Different types of informations excavation tools are available in the market place, each with their ain strengths and failings. Internal hearers need to be cognizant of the different sorts of informations excavation tools available and urge the purchase of a tool that matches the organisation ‘s current detective demands. This should be considered every bit early as possible in the undertaking ‘s lifecycle, possibly even in the feasibleness survey. Most informations excavation tools can be classified into one of three classs: traditional informations excavation tools, splashboards, and text-mining tools. Below is a description of each.Traditional Data Mining Tools. Traditional information excavation plans help companies set up informations forms and tendencies by utilizing a figure of complex algorithms and techniques. Some of these tools are installed on the desktop to supervise the information and high spot tendencies and others capture information residing outside a database. The bulk are available in both Windows and UNIX versions, although some specialize in one operating system merely. In add-on, while some may concentrate on one database type, most will be able to manage any informations utilizing on-line analytical processing or a similar engineering.Splashboards. Installed in computing machines to supervise information in a database, splashboards reflect informations alterations and updates onscreen – frequently in the signifier of a chart or table – enabling the user to see how the concern is executing. Historical informations besides can be referenced, enabling the user to see where things have changed ( e.g. , addition in gross revenues from the same period last twelvemonth ) . This functionality makes splashboards easy to utilize and peculiarly appealing to directors who wish to hold an overview of the company ‘s public presentation.Text-mining Tools. The 3rd type of informations mining tool sometimes is called a text-mining tool because of its ability to mine informations from different sorts of text – from Microsoft Word and Acrobat PDF paperss to simple text files, for illustration. These tools scan content and change over the selected information into a format that is compatible with the tool ‘s database, therefore supplying users with an easy and convenient manner of accessing informations without the demand to open different applications. Scanned content can be unstructured ( i.e. , information is scattered about indiscriminately across the papers, including electronic mails, Internet pages, sound and picture informations ) or structured ( i.e. , the information ‘s signifier and intent is known, such as content found in a database ) . Capturing these inputs can supply organisations with a wealth of information that can be mined to detect tendencies, constructs, and attitudes.Besides these tools, other applications and plans may be used for informations excavation intents. For case, audit question tools can be used to foreground fraud, information anomalousnesss, and forms. In add-on, internal hearers can utilize spreadsheets to set about simple informations excavation exercisings or to bring forth drumhead tabular arraies. Some of the desktop, notebook, and server computing machines that run runing systems such as Windows, Linux, and Macintosh can be imported straight into Microsoft Excel. Using polar tabular arraies in the s preadsheet, hearers can reexamine complex informations in a simplified format and bore down where necessary to happen the underlining premises or information. When measuring informations excavation schemes, companies may make up one's mind to get several tools for specific intents, instead than buying one tool that meets all demands. Although geting several tools is non a mainstream attack, a company may take to make so if, for illustration, it installs a splashboard to maintain directors informed on concern affairs, a full data-mining suite to gaining control and construct informations for its selling and gross revenues weaponries, and an question tool so hearers can place fraud activity.DATAMINING TechniqueIn add-on to utilizing a peculiar information excavation tool, internal hearers can take from a assortment of informations mining techniques. The most normally used techniques include unreal nervous webs, determination trees, and the nearest-neighbor method. Each of these techniques analyzes informations in different ways:Artificial nervous webs are non-linear, prognostic theoretical accounts that learn through preparation. Although th ey are powerful prognostic mold techniques, some of the power comes at the disbursal of easiness of usage and deployment. One country where hearers can easy utilize them is when reexamining records to place fraud and fraud-like actions. Because of their complexness, they are better employed in state of affairss where they can be used and reused, such as reexamining recognition card minutess every month to look into for anomalousnesss.Decision trees are arboreal constructions that represent determination sets. These determinations generate regulations, which so are used to sort informations. Decision trees are the favorite technique for constructing apprehensible theoretical accounts. Hearers can utilize them to measure, for illustration, whether the organisation is utilizing an appropriate cost-efficient selling scheme that is based on the assigned value of the client, such as net income.The nearest-neighbor method classifies dataset records based on similar informations in a histor ical dataset. Hearers can utilize this attack to specify a papers that is interesting to them and inquire the system to seek for similar points.Each of these attacks brings different advantages and disadvantages that need to be considered prior to their usage. Nervous webs, which are hard to implement, necessitate all input and end point end product to be expressed numerically, therefore necessitating some kind of reading depending on the nature of the data-mining exercising. The determination tree technique is the most normally used methodological analysis, because it is simple and straightforward to implement. Finally, the nearest-neighbor method relies more on associating similar points and, hence, works better for extrapolation instead than prognostic questions. A good manner to use advanced informations excavation techniques is to hold a flexible and synergistic informations excavation tool that is to the full integrated with a database or informations warehouse. Using a tool that operates outside of the database or informations warehouse is non as efficient. Using such a tool will affect excess stairss to pull out, import, and analyze the information. When a information excavation tool is integrated with the informations warehouse, it simplifies the application and execution of excavation consequences. Furthermore, as the warehouse grows with new determinations and consequences, the organisation can mine best patterns continually and use them to future determinations. Regardless of the technique used, the existent value behind informations excavation is patterning – the procedure of constructing a theoretical account based on user-specified standards from already captured informations. Once a theoretical account is built, it can be used in similar state of affairss where an reply is non known. For illustration, an organisation looking to get new clients can make a theoretical account of its ideal client that is based on bing informations captured from people who antecedently purchased the merchandise. The theoretical account so is used to question informations on prospective clients to see if they match the profile. Modeling besides can be used in audit sections to foretell the figure of hearers required to set about an audit program based on old efforts and similar work.BENEFITS OF DATA MINING & A ; DATA WAREHOUSE TO ORGANIZATIONSBenefits of Data MiningOrganizations ‘ point of positionData excavation is really of import to concerns b ecause it helps to heighten their overall operations and detect new forms that may let companies gives better function to their clients. Through informations excavation, fiscal and insurance companies are able to observe forms of deceitful recognition card use, place behavior forms of hazard clients, and analyze claims.Besides that, informations excavation besides help these companies minimize their hazard and increase their net incomes. Since companies are able to minimise their hazard, they may be able to bear down the clients lower involvement rate or lower premium. Companies are stating that information excavation is good to everyone because some of the benefit that they obtained through informations excavation will be passed on to the consumers. Data excavation allows marketing companies to aim their clients more efficaciously, hence, can cut down their demands for mass advertizements. As a consequence, the companies can go through on their economy to the consumers. Harmonizing to Michael Turner, an executive manager of a Directing Marking Association † Detailed consumer information lets apparel retail merchants market their merchandises to consumers with more preciseness. But if privateness regulations impose limitations and barriers to informations aggregation, those restrictions could increase the monetary values consumers pay when they buy from catalog or on-line dress retail merchants by 3.5 % to 11 % † . When it comes to privacy issues, organisations will state that they are making everything they can to protect their clients ‘ personal information. In add-on, they merely use consumer informations for ethical intents such as selling, observing recognition card fraudulent, and etc. To guarantee that personal information are used in an ethical manner, the main information officers ( CIO ) Magazine has put together a list of what they call the Six Commandments of Ethical Date Management. The six commandments include: â€Å" 1 ) information is a valuable corporate plus and should be managed as such, like hard currency, installations or any other corporate plus ; 2 ) the CIO is steward of corporate informations and is responsible for pull offing it over its life rhythm ( from its coevals to its appropriate devastation ) ; 3 ) the CIO is responsible for commanding entree to and usage of informations, as determined by governmental ordinance and corporate policy ; 4 ) the CIO is respo nsible for forestalling inappropriate devastation of informations ; 5 ) the CIO is responsible for conveying technological cognition to the development of informations direction patterns and policies ; 6 ) the CIO should spouse with executive equals to develop and put to death the organisation ‘s informations direction policies. † Since informations excavation is non a perfect procedure, errors such as mismatching information will happen. Companies and organisations are cognizant of this issue and seek to cover it. Harmonizing to Agrawal, an IBM ‘s research worker, informations obtained through excavation is merely associated with a 5 to 10 per centum loss in truth. However, with uninterrupted betterment in informations excavation techniques, the per centum in inaccuracy will diminish significantly.Benefits of Data WarehouseThere are a big figure of obvious advantages involved with utilizing a information warehouse. As the name suggests, a information warehouse is a computerized warehouse in which information is stored. The organisation that owns this information can analyse it in order to happen historical forms or connexions that can let them to do of import concern determinations. In this article I will travel over some of the advantages and disadvantages that are connected to informations warehouses. One of the best advantages to utilizing a information warehouse is that users will be able to entree a big sum of information. This information can be used to work out a big figure of jobs, and it can besides be used to increase the net incomes of a company. Not merely are users able to hold entree to a big sum of information, but this information is besides consistent. It is relevant and organized in an efficient mode. While it will help a company in increasing its net incomes, the cost of calculating will greatly be reduced. One powerful characteristic of information warehouses is that informations from different locations can be combined in one location. There are a figure of grounds why this is of import. When information is taken from multiple beginnings and placed in a centralised location, an organisation can analyse it in a manner that may let them to come up with different solutions than they would if they looked at the information individually. Data excavation is connected to informations warehouses, and nervous webs or computing machine algorithms are responsible. When information is analyzed from multiple beginnings, forms and connexions can be discovered which would non be found otherwise. Another advantage of information warehouses is that they can make a construction which will let alterations within the stored informations to be transferred back to operational systems. However there are a figure of disadvantages that need to be mentioned every bit good. Before informations can be stored within the warehouse, it must be cleaned, loaded, or extracted. This is a procedure that can take a long period of clip. There may besides be issues with compatibility. For illustration, a new dealing system may non work with systems that are already being used. Users who will be working with the informations warehouse must be trained to utilize it. If they are non trained decently, they may take non to work within the informations warehouse. If the informations warehouse can be accessed via the cyberspace, this could take to a big figure of security jobs. Another job with the informations warehouse is that it is hard to keep. Any organisation that is sing utilizing a information warehouse must make up one's mind if the benefits outweigh the costs. Once you have paid for the information warehouse, you will still necessitate to pay for the cost of care over clip. The costs involved with this must ever be taken into consideration. When it comes to hive awaying information, there are two techniques which are used. The first is called the dimensional technique. When the dimensional technique is used, information will be stored within the informations warehouse as facts. These facts will take the signifier of either text or numerical information. Data which is stored with the dimensional technique will incorporate information which is specific to one event. The dimensional technique is utile for workers who have a limited sum of information engineering accomplishments. It makes the informations easy for them to analyze and understand. In add-on to this, information warehouses that use the dimensional technique tend to run rapidly. The biggest job with the dimensional technique is if the company decides to alter the manner it conducts concern, it will be hard to alter the informations warehouse to back up it. The 2nd technique that is used hive awaying information is called database standardization. With this technique, the information is store in a 3rd normal signifier. While adding informations is easy, bring forthing studies can be boring.DecisionAs a decision, informations excavation can be good for concerns, authoritiess, society every bit good as the single individual. However, the major defect with informations excavati on is that it increases the hazard of privateness invasion. Currently, concern organisations do non hold sufficient security systems to protect the information that they obtained through informations excavation from unauthorised entree, though the usage of informations excavation should be restricted. In the hereafter, when companies are willing to pass money to develop sufficient security system to protect consumer informations, so the usage of informations excavation may be supported.